2018年宁波大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
一、词语互译（2×20＝40分）
说明：本部分共20个词语，汉语和英语各10个，或选自国内外时事新闻，或选自翻译理论术语。请将汉语词语翻译为英语，英语词语翻译为汉语。
1. 脸部识别技术
【答案】face recognition technology
2. 美国总统对中国的国事访问
【答案】a state visit to China by the president of the United States
3. 供给侧改革
【答案】supply-side reform
4. 国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划
【答案】the 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China
5. 激发创新活力
【答案】stimulate innovation vitality
6. 社会主义核心价值观
【答案】the core values of socialism
7. 不忘初心
【答案】stay true to the mission
8. 房地产市场
【答案】real estate market
9. 经济全球化
【答案】economic globalization
10. 软实力
【答案】soft power
11. translation process
【答案】翻译过程
12. functional equivalence
【答案】功能对等
13. source language
【答案】源语
14. communicative translation 【答案】交际翻译values翻译
15. target text
【答案】目标语
16. domestication
【答案】归化
17. informative text type
【答案】信息文本类型
18. literary translation
【答案】文学翻译
19. translator’s subjectivity
【答案】译者主体性
20. the invisibility of the translator
【答案】译者的隐形
二、英汉篇章翻译（1×60＝60分）
Middle-aged, unemployed, single and my money spent, I’m an utter failure in comparison to many of my college peers.
I graduated from an elite university in the 1980s. My class of approximately 1550 has generated a Nobel Prize winner, a Pulitzer Prize winner, a World Bank chief, a few ambassadors, at least one current governor and several mayors. I know former classmates who are university presidents, college professors, CEOs and so on.
What a load of over-achievers!
Meanwhile, the rest of us remain uncelebrated, absent from the public eye, not courted by private bankers, nosy paparazzi (狗仔队), respected charities, luxury real estate agents or art auction houses.
Post-graduate achievement is usually measured in degrees earned and awarded, class rankings, corporate titles, magazine covers and social media popularity, and money made. At elite institutions’ alumni gatherings, the bar for storytelling is set high, with summary biographies of our most luminous graduates shared in hushed murmurs. How can we compare ourselves to our peer’s stupendously visible achievements and not think ourselves failures?
In the 1800s, Danish philosopher Soren Kierkegaard (克尔凯郭尔) addressed the same question with his own story: “The Lily in the Field and the Bird of the Air”. In
it, Kierkegaard describes a little bird that loves to gossip to its friend the lily. The bird, he writes, has a bad habit of saying “all sorts of things, true and untrue, about o ther places where lilies far more splendid were found in great abundance”. The listening lily, in turn, becomes troubled. Seeing its own unsplendid existence in comparison to the bird’s fantastic tales of other and better lilies, the lily begins
to doubt whether it deserves to call itself a lily at all.
In the distress of comparison, the troubled person may go at last so far that in view of the difference he forgets that he is a man. In despair, he conceives himself so different from other men, that he even conceives he is different from what is meant by being a man, just as the lily was so inconspicuous that it was questionable if it was really a lily.
In other words, it’s not just painful to doubt. T o measure success in any way but from the inside is to rock the foundations of your identity.
Most of us are already busy enough trying to get by. We are busy with the practical tasks of everyday living, doing and redoing, learning and changing, and sometimes staying the course. We might compare our performance on an examination, or a recent grant proposal; but to compare ourselves against others in the totality of being a successful adult is odious and futile.
Many of us are not the kind of successful that’s easy to see. Many of us who have enjoyed financial success were extremely fortune, but perhaps not so lucky in love. Many of us understand now that no matter how hard you work or how brilliant y ou might be, luck has far more to do with “success” than one might
imagine.
【参考译文】
中年，失业，单身，破产，我与许多大学同学们相比是一个完完全全的失败者。
1980年我从一所精英大学毕业。那一届毕业生1550人中，诞生了一位诺贝尔奖得主、一位普利策奖得主、一位世界银行行长、几位大使、至少一位现任州长和几位市长。除此之外，我的同学中还有大学校长、大学教授、公司总裁等等。
多了不起的精英们啊！
与此同时，也有一部分与我一样的同学没有功成名就。我们远离公共视线，也没有受到私人银行家、爱管闲事的狗仔队、受人尊敬的慈善机构、高价房地产经理人或艺术品拍卖行的追捧。
通常，毕业后成就的衡量标准是学历、所获奖项、班级排名、公司头衔、杂志封面和社交媒体的受欢迎程度以及收入。精英学堂毕业生的聚会上，分享故事与成就的门槛很高，我们最聪明的毕业生的传记以
无声的低语分享。面对同窗们耀人的成就，我们如何才能将自己与他们进行比较，而不是认为自己失败了呢？
丹麦哲学家索伦·克尔凯郭尔在十九世纪曾根据自身经历在名为《田间野百合与空中小鸟》的故事中提出过相同的思索。在故事中克尔凯郭尔写道，小鸟常常和朋友百合絮叨自己对世间事的见解。在作者笔下，小鸟常常说：“那儿有各种各样的事!其他地方的百合都有着各奇妙的经历。”而听着朋友小鸟絮叨的百合却因此而困惑了。与小鸟口中光彩夺目的百合们相比，自己的生活暗淡无光。她甚至怀疑自己是否配得上百合的称谓了。
但克尔凯郭尔却总结道：“在不断比较的压力之下，人们可能走火入魔，忘记自己也同样是一个完整的人。绝望之中，他甚至会因对比而怀疑自己是否有资格被称之为人。就像百合怀疑自己是否够格被称作百合一样。”

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