口译笔记常用符号及缩略语
1.常用符号
(1)数学符号
数学符号 | 可代替的意思 |
+ | 加上、和、另外、除此之外(plus, and, in addition to) |
- | 减去、缺乏/少(minus, lack, in short of/ in shortage of, etc) |
× | 错误、不、坏的(wrong/incorrect,something bad,notorious,negative, not, etc.) |
√ | 对的、好的、积极的,表示赞成(correct, good, positive, affirmative) |
> | 多于、超过(bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, surpass, superior to, etc.) |
< | 少于、不如、逊于(less/smaller/fewer than, worse than, inferior to, etc.) |
≥ | 大于或等于、不少于(more than or equal to, no less than) |
≤ | 小于或等于、不多于(less than or equal to, no more than) |
= | 同等、相当于、一致、公平 (means,that is to say,in other words,the same as,be equal to) 也表示“对手”的概念(a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.) |
≠ | 不同于(be different from, etc. );表示“无敌”概念(matchless, peerless, etc.) |
≈ | 大约 (about/around, approximately, or so, etc.) |
Є | 属于(belong to) |
( ) | 在……之间 (among, within, etc. );包括、包含、涉及、组成(include, within, contain, consist, compose, constitute, cover, enclose) |
( ) | 表示“并列”的关系 |
/ | 否定、消除 (cross out, eliminate, etc.) |
∵ | 由于、因为、幸亏(because, due to, thanks to, as, owing to) |
∴ | 所以、因此、结果是(so, therefore, as a result, consequently) |
⊥ | 在……基础上(based on),影响、效果、压力、负担(influence, effect, impact, pressure, stress, burden, load) |
表示“总值”(total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, etc. ) | |
(2)标点符号
标点符号 | 可代替的意思 |
: | 表示各种各样“说”或“想”的动词,如 1) meet, view, see, look, observe, watch, glance, stare, notice, glimpse, scan, skim, perceive, witness, discover, gaze, catch sight of; 2) speak, say, state, tell, announce, maintain, claim, disclaim, affirm, address, declare, suggest, imply, mention, speech, talk, lecture, dialogue, conversation, elaboration, explain, outline, interview, assert, express, proclaim, argue, promulgate, utter, acknowledge, inform, confess, impart, notify, introduce, report, broadcast, define; 3) think, consider, regard, ponder, conceive perceive, suppose, imagine, mediate, reckon, deliberate, speculate, contemplate; 4) comment, criticize, remark, appreciate, evaluate; 5) understand, comprehend, recognize, feel, reflect, show, demonstrate, display, mirror, indicate, mean, reveal |
? | 问题、疑问(question,issue,doubt)例如,台湾问题:tw? 也可表示“问”(ask) question, problem, issue, inquiry, interrogate, ask, puzzle, query, confused, mystery, bewildered |
•(dot) | 位置不同表示的概念也不一样,如“·d”表示yesterday,“·y”表示last year, “·2m”表示two months ago。“y”表示this year, “2y · ” two year later. “next week”, 可以表示为“wk · ” |
!(感叹号) | 用来引起注意,表示“危险”、“警告”、“当心”或者“值得注意的是” 1) dangerous, warning, alarming, alert, hazardous, perilous, jeopardy, watch out 2) sure, certainly, of course |
“ ” | 所谓的(so called) |
(3)图形符号
图形符号 | 可代替的意思 |
∥ | 表示转折(but, however, although, nevertheless) |
☆ | 重要的,突出的,伟大的 1) important, significant, key, crucial, critical, meaningful, essential, decisive, eventful, influential, substantial, consequential, principle, of great importance; 2) outstanding, distinguished, marked, remarkable, notable, excellent, perfect, eminent, famous, well-known, well-recognized, great, prominent, prestigious, extraordinary, glorious, noteworthy, grand, magnificent; 3) wonderful, terrific, fantastic, fabulous marvelous; 4) chief, primary, main, major, dominant, overwhelming, most |
notable是什么意思 | 表示“强调” emphasize, stress, focus, underscore, underline, accentuate, highlight, attach great importance to, lay stress on, pay attention to |
˚ | 表示“人”(person, people),因为它看起来像个人头。一般不单独用,而是用在单词、符号或者字母的右上角,比如“中国人”可以写成“中˚”,“美国人”(US˚),“政客/政治家”(政˚),“老师”(T˚或者教˚) |
因为看起来像圆形的会议桌,所以常用来表示“会议、开会、讨论或谈判”等,或者会议性的机构。 conference, symposium, convention, session, forum, seminar, council, congress, meeting, assembly, gathering, committee, commission, association, union, senate, parliament, convocation, discussion, negotiation | |
○ | 全部,整个的,所有的,完整的,彻底的 whole, total, overall, general, entire, gross, universal, integral, unification, on the whole, all in all |
国家、民族(country, state, nation, republic, kingdom, federal, union) | |
∪ | 因形状看起来像酒杯,表示值得庆祝的“协议”、“协定”、“条约”或“合同”(agreement, accord, treaty, contract)。因此,“双边协议”、“三边协议”或者“多边协议”就可以分别在∪里面加上2、3或者m(多)。 |
$ | 表示“金钱”、“财富”(money, wealth) |
∞ | 交流、交换、关系、相互的(communication, relationship, relation, partnership, interrelation, communicate, exchange, interchange, interact, each other) |
& | 和、与(and, together with, along with, accompany, along with, etc. |
# | 表示“结束”(end, stop, halt, bring sth to a standstill /stop, etc.) |
∟ | 加在动词下表示“将来的动作”;加在表示时间的数字下面表示“……以来”(since…) |
加在动词下表示“过去的动作”、“……过”或“……了”;加在表示时间的数字下面表示“过去……年/月天(last, past)” | |
∧ | 顶点,顶级;领导 1) top, head, tip, peak, uttermost, maximum, climax, supreme, crown; 2) leader, head(man), director, chancellor, boss, manager, officer, captain, king, queen, emperor, empress, majesty, dictator, ruler, commander, governor, mayor, administrator, supervisor, monitor, minister |
﹋ | 曲折的、不平坦的;或者名词“道路” 1) curve, frustration, bumpy, twists and turns 2) way, approach, road |
悲伤,不愉快,不高兴(sad, unhappy, sorry, regretful, unpleasant, etc) | |
高兴,荣幸,愉快(glad, happy, pleasant, pleasure, joy, pleased, honored, etc) | |
… | 1) many, much, numerous, uncountable, countless, enormous, abundant, mass, considerable, innumerable, a great deal, a great number of, a lot of, lots of, quantities of, plenty of 2) last, continue, go, constant, consecutive, continuous, persist, endless, everlasting, eternal, frequent, permanent, keep on, all along, for ever |
(类似该符号的闪电符号) | 剧烈的,猛烈的 dramatic, sharp, huge, great, fierce, etc |
(4)箭头符号
箭头符号 | 可代替的意思 |
表示“到……方向去”、“出口到”、“到达”、“提交”或者“导致”(go to/into,arrive at/in,give to,send to,present to, lead to, result in, cause, in the direction of, submit to, etc.) | |
表示“来自于”、“从……进口”(be/come from,return,receive from, import from, etc.)或者表示“追溯到”(come/go back to,originate) | |
表示“上升”、“发展”、“增加”、“加强”、“上涨”等(up/upward/rise, advance, arise, ascend, boost, bring up, climb, develop, elevate, escalate, enhance, exalt, go up, grow, give boost to, heighten, improve, increase, lift, nourish, promote, roar, raise, rise, strengthen, stand up, update, upgrade, etc.) | |
表示“减少”、“下降”、“降低”、“贬值”等(cut down, decline, decrease, descend, devalue, degrade, devaluate, depreciate, diminish, drop to, fall, go down, lower, lessen, reduce, sink, weaken) | |
越来越多/高/好(more and more, higher and higher, stronger and stronger, etc) | |
越来越少/低/差(fewer and fewer, less and less, lower and lower, etc) | |
↓ | 1) influence, effect, affect, impact, have bearing on 2) pressure, stress, burden, load |
2. 常用缩略语:
(1)英文字母
英文字母 | 可代替的单词 | 英文字母 | 可代替的单词 |
b | but但是(也可以用符号 // 表示) | n | 取汉语俚语“n多”,很多个(many, much, several) |
c | century世纪,如“21世纪”可以写成21c | p | politics, party政治,政党,政权 |
d | day天 | r | reform改革 |
e | economy, economic, economics经济 | s | science科学 |
f | finance, financial金融 | t | technology技术,ST常一起用 |
g | government政府 | u | you你,你们 |
h | hour小时,希望 | v | victory胜利,成功 |
I | 我 | W | week星期 |
m | month月 | Y | year年 |
K | Korea朝鲜,竖线上面划一横线,表示北朝鲜,下边划一横线表示南朝鲜(韩国) | ||
(2)保留前几个字母
缩略形式 | 可代替的单词 | 缩略形式 | |
ASAP | as soon as possible | ind | individual个人 |
AMAP | as much/many as possible | info | information信息 |
Co | company, corporation公司 | infra | infrastructure基础设施 |
com | community社区,社团,社会 | I/O | In stead of |
comu | communication交流 | tel | telephone电话 |
cert | certificate证书 | tr | trade贸易 |
edu | education教育 | max | maximum最多 |
eg | for example举例 | min | minimum最少 |
esp | especially尤其 | ||
(3)拿掉所有元音
缩略形式 | 可代替的单词 | 缩略形式 | 可代替的单词 |
ACPT | accept | MSG | message |
AD | advertisement | RCV | receive |
ADS | address | RM | room |
BZ(或biz) | business | STD | standard |
DEPT | department | TKS | Thanks |
MKT | market | tx | tax税收 |
MGR | manager | WK | week |
(4)根据发音
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