口译笔记常用符号及缩略语
1.常用符号
(1)数学符号
数学符号
可代替的意思
+
加上、和、另外、除此之外(plus, and, in addition to)
减去、缺乏/(minus, lack, in short of/ in shortage of, etc
×
错误、不、坏的wrong/incorrect,something bad,notorious,negative, not, etc.
对的、好的、积极的,表示赞成(correct, good, positive, affirmative)
>
多于、超过(bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, surpass, superior to, etc.
<
少于、不如、逊于(less/smaller/fewer than, worse than, inferior to, etc.
大于或等于、不少于(more than or equal to, no less than)
小于或等于、不多于(less than or equal to, no more than)
=
同等、相当于、一致、公平 (means,that is to say,in other words,the same as,be equal to) 
表示对手”的概念(a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.)
不同于(be different from, etc. );表示无敌概念(matchless, peerless, etc.)
大约 (about/around, approximately, or so, etc.)
Є
属于(belong to)
( )
……之间 (among, within, etc. );包括、包含、涉及、组成(include, within, contain, consist, compose, constitute, cover, enclose)
(
)
表示“并列”的关系
/
否定消除 (cross out, eliminate, etc.)
由于、因为、幸亏(because, due to, thanks to, as, owing to)
所以、因此、结果是(so, therefore, as a result, consequently)
在……基础上(based on),影响、效果、压力、负担(influence, effect, impact, pressure, stress, burden, load)
表示总值”(total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, etc. 
(2)标点符号
标点符号
可代替的意思
表示各种各样”或“想”的动词,如
1) meet, view, see, look, observe, watch, glance, stare, notice, glimpse, scan, skim, perceive, witness, discover, gaze, catch sight of;
2) speak, say, state, tell, announce, maintain, claim, disclaim, affirm, address, declare, suggest, imply, mention, speech, talk, lecture, dialogue, conversation, elaboration, explain, outline, interview, assert, express, proclaim, argue, promulgate, utter, acknowledge, inform, confess, impart, notify, introduce, report, broadcast, define;
3) think, consider, regard, ponder, conceive perceive, suppose, imagine, mediate, reckon, deliberate, speculate, contemplate;
4) comment, criticize, remark, appreciate, evaluate;
5) understand, comprehend, recognize, feel, reflect, show, demonstrate, display, mirror, indicate, mean, reveal
?
问题、疑问(question,issue,doubt)例如台湾问题:tw? 也可表示“问”(ask)
question, problem, issue, inquiry, interrogate, ask, puzzle, query, confused, mystery, bewildered
•(dot)
位置不同表示的概念也不一样,如“·d”表示yesterday“·y”表示last year, “·2m”表示two months ago。“y”表示this year, “2y · ” two year later. “next week”, 可以表示为“wk ·
!(感叹号)
用来引起注意,表示“危险”、“警告”、“当心”或者“值得注意的是”
1) dangerous, warning, alarming, alert, hazardous, perilous, jeopardy, watch out
2) sure, certainly, of course
“ ”
所谓的(so called)
(3)图形符号
图形符号
可代替的意思
 表示转折(but, however, although, nevertheless)
重要的,突出的,伟大的
1) important, significant, key, crucial, critical, meaningful, essential, decisive, eventful, influential, substantial, consequential, principle, of great importance;
2) outstanding, distinguished, marked, remarkable, notable, excellent, perfect, eminent, famous, well-known, well-recognized, great, prominent, prestigious, extraordinary, glorious, noteworthy, grand, magnificent;
3) wonderful, terrific, fantastic, fabulous marvelous;
4) chief, primary, main, major, dominant, overwhelming, most
notable是什么意思
表示“强调”
emphasize, stress, focus, underscore, underline, accentuate, highlight, attach great importance to, lay stress on, pay attention to
˚
表示“人”(person, people),因为它看起来像个人头。一般不单独用,而是用在单词、符号或者字母的右上角,比如“中国人”可以写成“中˚”,“美国人”(US˚),“政客/政治家”(政˚),“老师”(T˚或者教˚
因为看起来像圆形的会议桌,所以常用来表示“会议、开会、讨论或谈判”等,或者会议性的机构。
conference, symposium, convention, session, forum, seminar, council, congress, meeting, assembly, gathering, committee, commission, association, union, senate, parliament, convocation, discussion, negotiation
全部,整个的,所有的,完整的,彻底的
whole, total, overall, general, entire, gross, universal, integral, unification, on the whole, all in all
国家、民族(country, state, nation, republic, kingdom, federal, union)
因形状看起来像酒杯,表示值得庆祝的“协议”、“协定”、“条约”或“合同”(agreement, accord, treaty, contract)。因此,“双边协议”、“三边协议”或者“多边协议”就可以分别在∪里面加上2、3或者m(多)。
$
表示“金钱”、“财富”(money, wealth)
交流、交换、关系、相互的(communication, relationship, relation, partnership, interrelation, communicate, exchange, interchange, interact, each other)
&
and, together with, along with, accompany, along with, etc. 
#
表示结束”(end, stop, halt, bring sth to a standstill /stop, etc.
加在动词下表示“将来的动作”;加在表示时间的数字下面表示“……以来”(since
加在动词下表示“过去的动作”、“……过”或“……了”;加在表示时间的数字下面表示“过去……年/月天(last, past)”
顶点,顶级;领导
1) top, head, tip, peak, uttermost, maximum, climax, supreme, crown;
2) leader, head(man), director, chancellor, boss, manager, officer, captain, king, queen, emperor, empress, majesty, dictator, ruler, commander, governor, mayor, administrator, supervisor, monitor, minister
曲折的、不平坦的;或者名词“道路”
1) curve, frustration, bumpy, twists and turns
2) way, approach, road
悲伤,不愉快,不高兴(sad, unhappy, sorry, regretful, unpleasant, etc)
高兴,荣幸,愉快(glad, happy, pleasant, pleasure, joy, pleased, honored, etc)
1) many, much, numerous, uncountable, countless, enormous, abundant, mass, considerable, innumerable, a great deal, a great number of, a lot of, lots of, quantities of, plenty of
2) last, continue, go, constant, consecutive, continuous, persist, endless, everlasting, eternal, frequent, permanent, keep on, all along, for ever
(类似该符号的闪电符号)
剧烈的,猛烈的
dramatic, sharp, huge, great, fierce, etc
(4)箭头符号
箭头符号
可代替的意思
表示“到……方向去”、“出口到”、“到达”、“提交”或者“导致”(go to/into,arrive at/in,give to,send to,present to, lead to, result in, cause, in the direction of, submit to, etc.
表示来自于”、“从……进口”(be/come from,return,receive from, import from, etc.)或者表示追溯到”(come/go back to,originate
表示上升”、“发展”、“增加”、“加强”、“上涨”等(up/upward/rise, advance, arise, ascend, boost, bring up, climb, develop, elevate, escalate, enhance, exalt, go up, grow, give boost to, heighten, improve, increase, lift, nourish, promote, roar, raise, rise, strengthen, stand up, update, upgrade, etc.
表示“减少”、“下降”、“降低”、“贬值”等(cut down, decline, decrease, descend, devalue, degrade, devaluate, depreciate, diminish, drop to, fall, go down, lower, lessen, reduce, sink, weaken)
越来越多/高/好(more and more, higher and higher, stronger and stronger, etc)
越来越少/低/差(fewer and fewer, less and less, lower and lower, etc)
1) influence, effect, affect, impact, have bearing on
2) pressure, stress, burden, load
2. 常用缩略语:
(1)英文字母
英文字母
可代替的单词
英文字母
可代替的单词
b
but但是(也可以用符号 // 表示)
n
取汉语俚语“n多”,很多个(many, much, several)
c
century世纪,如“21世纪”可以写成21c
p
politics, party政治,政党,政权
d
day天
r
reform改革
e
economy, economic, economics经济
s
science科学
f
finance, financial金融
t
technology技术,ST常一起用
g
government政府
u
you你,你们
h
hour小时,希望
v
victory胜利,成功
I
W
week星期
m
month月
Y
year年
K
Korea朝鲜,竖线上面划一横线,表示北朝鲜,下边划一横线表示南朝鲜(韩国)
(2)保留前几个字母
缩略形式
可代替的单词
缩略形式
ASAP
as soon as possible
ind
individual个人
AMAP
as much/many as possible
info
information信息
Co
company, corporation公司
infra
infrastructure基础设施
com
community社区,社团,社会
I/O
In stead of 
comu
communication交流
tel
telephone电话
cert
certificate证书
tr
trade贸易
edu
education教育
max
maximum最多
eg
for example举例
min
minimum最少
esp
especially尤其
(3)拿掉所有元音
缩略形式
可代替的单词
缩略形式
可代替的单词
ACPT
accept
MSG
message
AD
advertisement
RCV
receive
ADS
address
RM
room
BZ(或biz)
business
STD
standard
DEPT
department
TKS
Thanks
MKT
market
tx
tax税收
MGR
manager
WK
week
(4)根据发音

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