冠词的用法
一.冠词的种类:
1. 定冠词: the
2. 不定冠词: a / an
当紧跟不定冠词之后的单词是辅音发音开头时,不定冠词应该用a, 当紧跟不定冠词之后的单词是元音发音开头时,不定冠词应该用 an.。
a + [辅音……] a wallet, a European country
an + [元音 …… ] an hour, an 8-year-old boy
一般说来,冠词应放在名词或名词词组的最前面.
a matter, an easy problem, a necessary action, the world, the old stone bridge,
注意:在以下六种词中,只能使用其中的一种词修饰名词:
冠词、指示代词(如:this, that, these, those)、形容词性物主代词(如:my, your, his, her等)名词所有格(如:Tom’s, the Smiths)、不定代词(如:every, each, any)以及疑问代词(如:which, what).
1. 我的一位朋友 (不能说: my a friend) a friend of mine 或 one of my friends
2.你的这两位老师 (不能说:your the two teachers) the two teachers of yours
3.哪一把伞是你的? (不能说:Which an umbrella is yours?) Which umbrella is yours?
4. 一辆这种自行车 (不能说:a this kind of bike) a bike of this kind
5.每隔几天一次 (不能说:once every a few days) once every few days
三.冠词的用法
1.a / an 表示数量 “一”,但不强调数量 “一”.如果强调数量“一”,应该用one.请比较:
weight可不可数 I have a brother.
(想告诉别人: “我”有兄弟,虽然提到了 “一个”,但想强调的是 “我”不是独生子女,或想强调的是 “我”不是有妹.)
I have only one brother.
(想告诉别人: “我”并没有两个、三个兄弟.)
2.不表示数量 “一”,而是表示类别,可以在单数可数名词前加a /an.
A horse runs faster than an elephant.
注意:也可以在单数可数名词前加the或在复数可数名词前不加 任何冠词表示类别.不可数名词表示类别时不加任何冠词. 例如:
The horse runs faster than the elephant.
Horses run faster than elephants.
One can not live without air or water.
3.对于说话者特指但听话者还不知的单数可数名词(人或物),第一 次提到时,前面经常加a / an;再次提到才加the,这时,说话者和听话者都知道是特指哪一个人或物.
At a science museum in Canada, you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body. Last year I was lucky enough to have a chance to visit the museum.
I bought a computer 3 years ago, but I have sold the computer (=it) already.
4.在形容词、现在分词或过去分词前加the可以表示一类人或物,且表示复数.
the poor, the sick, the following, the wounded, the English, the French
5.在最高级副词前可以加the,也可以不加the;在最高级形容词前 一般要加the; 但是, 如果不表示 “最”, 而是表示“非常”, 则应 在最高级形容词前加 a / an,
She sings (the) most beautifully in our school.
Xiamen is the most beautiful city in Fujian Province.
Xiamen is a most (=very) beautiful city.
6.在序数词前一般要加the表示顺序;但如果表示数量的增加,表示“又一…”,相当于 “another”的意思,则要在序数词前加 a / an.
This is the second time that I have seen the film.
I’ve had two cakes, but I’d like a third (=another) one.
7.提到了“演奏”的乐器前和提到了“发明”的物名前要加 the.
She often practises playing the piano after supper.
(比较:There is a piano near the window of the living room.)
---What do you think was the most useful invention in the 20th century?
---The cell phone, I think.
Who invented the cell phone?
(比较:Do you own a telephone?)
8.在世界上独一无二的名词和含有普通名词的专有名词前要加the.
the world, the moon
(比较:Sitting down in front of their computers, they leave a familiar world and enter a place where things act instrange ways.)
the United States of America, the Great Wall
(比较:America, China, New York)
9.在和介词by连用的表示时间、长度、重量的名词前加the, 表示“按……计算”.
by the month, by the yard, by the dozen, by the gallon
注意:在和介词by连用的weight, length前不加the.例如:
These cigarettes are sold by weight.
Cloth is often sold by length.
10.在姓氏的复数前加the,表示全家人或该夫妇两人.
the Whites, the Smiths, the Wangs
11.在比较级形容词前加the,可以表示两者中“比较……些的那个……”或 “ 越……, 就越……”.
the taller of the two boys
the more expensive of the coats
The farther away from the earth we are, the thinner the air becomes.
12.在表示江河、湖泊、山脉、海洋、岛、海峡、沙漠等地理名词前加the.
the River Nile, the West Lake, the Ural Mountains
(the Urals), the Pacific Ocean, the English Channel
13.在一些固定词组中要用the.
in the morning, in the hope of, with the help of, out of the question (不可能)
14.在一些固定词组中要用a / an.
have a rest, have a break, take a walk, have a look, in a moment, in a minute, once upon a time, twice a month, four times an hour
四.不用冠词的几种情况.
1.指球类运动前, 以及在和介词by连用的交通工具与通讯方式前不用冠词.
He seldom plays football on Sunday morning.
They came to Shanghai by ship (water, plane, air, train).
We informed him by telegram that we would arrive early inthe morning.
注意:如果交通工具名词或通讯方式名词用了复数形式或前面有了修饰语,就不能使用介词by,而要用in, on.例如:
We can go there on bikes.
Instead of writing to her mother, she likes talking to her on the telephone.
2.在 go to之后加地点名词,表示去从事某项活动,不用冠词;和介词in连用,表示在从事某项活动,也不用冠词.
go to school / in school go to hospital / in hospital
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