单句语法填空/单句改错
1.2019全国I卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a _____ (believe) that populations are increasing.
【答案】belief
【解析】考查词性转化。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知,空格处为名词形式,故填belief
2.2019全国II卷)We are so proud of her. It's           (wonder).
【答案】wonderful
【解析】考查词性转化。根据句子结构可知,在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语,需要把名词wonder转化为形容词wonderful。故填wonderful
3.2019全国III卷)When they were free from workthey invited us to local events and let u
s know of an interesting       (compete)to watchtogether with the story behind it.
【答案】competition
【解析】考查词性转化。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition
4.2019 浙江卷)School uniforms are         (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.
【答案】traditional
【解析】考查词性转化。句意:穿校服在英国是一个传统,但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。are是系动词,其后常用形容词作表语,tradition是名词,传统的意思,因此,用其形容词形式。故填traditional
5.2018全国I卷)To avoid knee painyou can run on soft surfacesdo exercises to   1  (strength) your leg muscles(肌肉)avoid hills and get good running shoes.Running is cheapeasy and it's always2      (energy)
【答案】第一空strengthen ;第二空energetic
【解析】考查词性转化。第一空,分析句子结构可知,此处为动词不定式作目的状语,故本空应填动词strengthen,意为增强,加强。第二空,and连接两个并列分句,两个分句都表示跑步的特征,and前面的cheapeasy均为形容词,故此处应用形容词energetic作表语,意为需要能量的,剧烈的
6.2018全国II卷)This switch has decreased       (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
【答案】pollution
【解析】考查词性转化。pollution 考查名词。此处应填pollute的名词形式pollution作宾语。
72018全国II卷)According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total      (globe) fertilizer consumption.
【答案】global
【解析】考查词性转化。global 考查形容词。此处应填globe的形容词形式global作定语。
8.2019 浙江卷)The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be    (afford) but doing this most days adds up. 
【答案】affordable
【解析】考查词性转化。affordable 考查形容词。根据语境可知,一周在外就餐一到两次可能是可以负担得起的,故填形容词affordable
9. 2019 浙江卷)Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in      (weigh) problems.
【答案】affordable
【解析】考查词性转化。weight 考查名词。根据语境可知,此处表示体重问题,故空处需要填名词weight
10.2017全国I卷)However, be    (care)not to go to extremes.
【答案】careful
【解析】考查词性转换之名词变为形容词。be之后接形容词作表语,care的形容词形式是careful
[知识链接] 常见的以­ful结尾的形容词:
awful糟糕的,极坏的         beautiful美丽的
wonderful美妙的,精彩的          helpful有帮助的
useful有用的                      meaningful有意义的
thankful感谢的                      grateful感激的
careful仔细的                      colorful五彩缤纷的
regretful遗憾的                      hopeful有希望的
11.2017全国II卷)This development was only possible with the          (introduce) of electr
icpowered engines and lifts.
【答案】introduction
【解析】考查词性转换之动词变为名词。空格前是the,其后接名词。introduce的名词形式是introduction
[知识链接] 名词后缀ion
graduation毕业        discussion讨论        translation翻译
correction改正          connection连接          separation分离
expression表达          association联系          exhibition展览
election选举              possession占有          completion完成
decision决定              permission允许          admission允许进入
12. 2017全国II卷)The Central London Railway was one of the most        (success) of th
ese new lines, and was opened in 1900.
【答案】successful
【解析】考查词性转换之名词变为形容词。one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数表示…………之一,此处应填success的形容词形式successful
[知识链接] 形容词后缀ful
successful成功的        careful细心的            hopeful充满希望的
helpful有帮助的          useful有用的              cheerful高兴的
grateful感激的          thankful感激的          powerful强有力的
13.2017全国III卷)She is determined to carry on with her     (educate)
【答案】education
【解析】考查词性转化之动词变名词。形容词性物主代词her应该用来修饰名词,educate
名词形式是education
[拓展]v.tionn.
attractattraction n.吸引
collectcollection n.收集
corporatecorporation n.合作
connectconnection n.联合
constructconstruction n.建设
electelection n.选举
exhibitexhibition n.展览
inventinvention n.发明
operateoperation n.操作
pollutepollution n.污染
produceproduction n.生产
protectprotection n.保护
14.2017全国III卷)I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the latest music albums.                                                         
【答案】difference改为different
【解析】考查词性转化之名词变动词。形容词修饰名词kinds
英语构词法主要有三种:合成、转化和派生。合成是指将两个意思不同的单词结合成一个新词;转化是指一个单词的词形不变而由一种词性转化为另一种词性;派生是指通过给一个单
词加前缀或后缀变成另一个词。前缀一般改变词义而不改变词性,后缀一般改变词性而不改变词义。将构词法置于此处讲解,一是对前面基础词法的汇总,二是为政克后面的重难动词做铺垫。
. 动词、形容词转换为名词
1.动词变名词的后缀
后缀
例词
-ion/-tion/
-sion/ation
correct correction改正
celebrate-celebration庆祝;庆祝会
attract attraction吸引
conclude conclusion结论;结束
discuss discussion讨论;辩论
decidedecision决定
admitadmission接纳;准许入学
inviteinvitation邀请
explain explanation解释
graduategraduation毕业
expectexpectation期望
-er/-or
drivedriver司机;驾驶员
gathergatherer收集者;采集者
teachteacher老师
announceannouncer广播员
conductconductor指挥;售票员
-ment
punishpunishment惩罚
achieve--achievement功绩;成就
argue argument辩论;论据
treattreatment对待;
equip equipment装备;设备
govern government政府
-ance/-ence
appearappearance出现;外貌
guideguidance指引;指导
performperformance表演;节目
existexistence存在;生存
preferpreference偏爱
referreference参考;查阅
-ure/-ture
                  failfailure失败;倒闭
presspressure压力
departdeparture离开;出发
mix mixture混合;混合物
-ing
hearhearing听力;听觉
begin beginning开始
-y
recoverrecovery恢复;痊愈
discover -discovery发现
其他
choosechoice选择
vary weigh名词variety多样化;种类
tendtendency趋向;趋势
考题印证

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