WEEK 1
基础知识点：词类、句子成分
1、词类：英语词类分十种：
名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词weigh名词。
2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.
2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day.
3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .
4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.
有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)
有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如：
Shanghai is a big city .
6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力)
7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)
☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？)
名词练习
1. There are some ________ on the hill.
A. sheeps  B. a sheep  C. sheep  D. sheepes
2. Mr Black often gives us ________ by Email.
A. some good information  B. some good informations
C. good informations      D. a good information
3. There are some new books in the school library. They are ____ books.
A. child  B. childrens'  C. children  D. children's
4. I have worn out my shoes, so I want to buy a new ________ .
A. pair  B. one  C. ones  D. trousers
5. Meimei's handwriting is better than any other ______ in his class.
A. students  B. students  C. student's  D. students'
6. The hospital is a bit far from here. It's about _______ .
A. forty minutes's walk  B. forty minute's walk
C. forty minutes walk  D. forty minutes' walk
7. How many _____ are there in your class ?
A. Japanese  B. American  C. Australian  D. Canadian
8. I found my black cat in_____ room.
A. Jim and Mike  B. Jim and Mike's  C. Jim's and Mike's  D. Jim's and Mike
9. How much are the _____ ?
A. bread  B. meats.  C. potatos  D. tomatoes
10. There are many ______ in our school.
A. woman teachers  B. woman's teachers  C. women teachers  D. women's teachers
11. Three months ________ a long time for me.
A. is  B. are  C. have  D. has
12. There are ______ and ______ on the table.
A. two boxes cake;  four bottle of oranges
B. two boxes cake;  four bottle of orange
C. two boxes of cakes;  four bottles of orange
D. two box of cakes;  four bottles of oranges
（答案）1―6：CADCCD 7―12：ABDCAA
(    )1. The children had _______ in the park.
      A. good times      B. good time      C. the good time    D. a good time
(    )2. I am busy with my work these days. I don’t get _______.
        A. many sleep  B. much sleep    C. more sleep      D. most sleep
(    )3. This is an interesting _______.
        A. news        B. information      C. work      D. job
(    )4. Her parents are _______.
        A. English      B. America      C. Frenchman    D. two English
(    )5. Room 110 on the second floor is the _____ office. I know some of them.
        A. doctors      B. doctor’s      C. doctors’    D. doctors’s
(    )6. The room is _______. They are brothers.
        A. Tom and Mike’s          B. Tom’s and Mike’s
        C. Tom’s and Mike          D. Tom and Mike
(    )7. The box is made of a kind of hard _______.
        A. wooden      B. wood        C. woods      D. word
(    )8. Can you see some _______ on the hill?
        A. sheeps and deers            B. sheeps and deer
        C. sheep and deers            D. sheep and deer
(    )9. How many _______ shall we pay for the special service?
        A. money        B. yuans        C. dollars      D. pound
(    )10. I have many friends here. Lily is _______.
          A. mine friend              B. a friend of my
          C. one of my                D. one of them
(    )11. --- Would you like some _______?
          --- Thank you, but I am not hungry.
          A. breads        B. cakes      C. oranges    D. orange juice
(    )12. Don’t make any _______, the boy is sleeping.
          A. voice        B. noise        C. music      D. laugh
(    )13. She was born in Xiangfan, but now she works in Taiyuan. So we cannot say Taiyuan is her _______.
          A. hometown                B. second home

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