英语语法---名词
（一） 可数名词和不可数名词
1． 什么是不可数名词？
1）物质名词 glass, tea 2）抽象名词 beauty, youth 3) 科学名称 physics, maths
练习：出不可数名词
boot tear knowledge money wood chicken music
homework bread blood dress news milk dustman
2．不可数名词变成可数名词
1）词义发生改变
time—times work---works wood—woods
sand—sands cloth—clothes glass—glasses
2) 加量词 a glass of water , two pieces of paper
练习；填入恰当的量词
a ________________ of good news (条) a ________________ of trousers (条)
a ________________ of advice ( 条) a ________________ of coffee (杯 )
a ________________ of oil (滴) a ________________ of time (段)
a ________________ of matches (盒) a ________________ of glasses (副)
a ________________ of chocolate (条) a ________________ of ink (瓶)
a ________________ of tea (壶) two ______________ of fish (盘)
three ______________ of rice (袋) four ______________ of furniture (件)
five _______________ of sugar (磅) six ________________ of clothes (套)
3．可数名词的复数构成
A. 规则变化
构成法 | 例词 |
一般情况在词尾加______ | desk------desks picture-----pictures |
以___ ____ ____ ____结尾加 ______ | bus------buses box-----boxes brush------brushes watch------watches weigh名词 |
以辅音+______结尾，变____为_____加 _________ | baby------babies family-----families country---countries |
以辅音+ _____结尾加______ | tomoto-----tomatoes potato----potatoes Negro---Negroes volcano----volcanoes 黑人英雄爱在火山上吃土豆西红柿 |
以元音+ _____结尾加______ | radio -----radios photo----photos |
以____或____结尾，变___/____ 为____, 加 _____ | life----lives leaf-----leaves half---halves为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子拿着刀子和一片树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半。 |
练习：写出下列名词的复数形式。
1）shoe 2) orange 3) eye 4) month 5) fox 6) match 7) city 8) class
9) family 10) country 11) boy 12) key 13) leaf 14) thief 15)hero 16)photo
B. 不规则变化
1. 单复同形 deer sheep fish Chinese Japanese means
2. 只有复数形式 people police cattle clothes trousers, glasses
3. 不规则变化
man---- men woman---- women foot ----- feet tooth-----teeth
mouse ------mice child-----children German------Germans
4. 复合名词的复数
1) 将后一部分变成复数 Englishman---Englishmen gentleman---gentlemen
policewoman----policewomen grown-up----grown-ups
2) 将主要成分变成复数 looker-on----lookers-on son-in-law----sons-in-law
3) 如果前一词是man, woman，将两部分都变成复数 men doctors women singers
练习：roof________ woman driver________________ step-mother_______________
sheep _____________ Japanese __________________ sister-in-law__________________
（二） 名词所有格（表示所属、类别、动作的执行者或承受者）
1. 表示有生命的东西的名词，所有格在名词后加’s
the teacher’s praise the cat’s food James’ dog the dogs’ food
2. 表示无生命的东西的名词，用of+名词的结构来表示
the leg of the desk the cover of the magazine
3. 在时间，距离，度量，价值等名词后，可用名词所有格。
two months’ time today’s newspaper fifty pounds’ weight
4. 表示店铺或某人的家时，常在所有格后省去shop, home.
the doctor’s the tailor’s my uncle’s the barber’s
5. 名词前有冠词，数词，不定代词或指示代词时，用of词组+所有格表示
a friend of John’s that bike of Tom’s
6. 某样东西为两人或多人共有，在后一个名词尾+’s .
Jane and Fred’s mother Jane’s and Fred’s mother
Tom and Tim’s car Tom’s and Tim’s car
（三） 名词的用法
名词在句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语等。
1、The story is very interesting. ( ) 2、I am drawing a picture. ( )
3、 My brother is a doctor. ( ) 4、Your pencil box is so nice. ( )
（四） 主谓一致
1. 主语是复数，谓语用复数，主语是单数，谓语用单数。
He is a student. We are students.
2. and 连接两个名词，看有无the.
The professor and writer is going to give us a lecture of writing.
The professor and the writer are going to our school.
3. A number of…和The number of…后的谓语。
The number of people was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.
4. 主语+ with/as well as/ but/except/besides/including …+主语，谓语动词的单复数与第一个主语一致。
A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.
All the teachers as well as the students (be) invited to the party.
5．以 either …or , neither …nor , not only … but also ，not…but…等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数应按照就近原则。
Either you or he ______(be) to go . Not only he but also I ______(be) wrong .
Neither the children nor the teacher _______ (know) anything about it.
6. There be 句型就近原则。
版权声明：本站内容均来自互联网，仅供演示用，请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系QQ:729038198，我们将在24小时内删除。
发表评论