2020高考英语易错语法点专题一名词（解析版）
1. 【2019·江苏卷 】26.Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A. priority B. potential C. proportion D. pension
2. 【2018·江苏】Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made.
A. assignment B. association C. acquisition D. assumption
3. .【2019·天津卷 】7.We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in many ways.
A. statement B. impact
C. impression D. judgment
4.【2018·天津】6. The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
A. advice B. order
C. possibility D. invitation
5. 【2018·江苏】32. Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made.
A. assignment B. association
C. acquisition D. assumption
6. 【2018·新课标卷I·语法填空】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
7. 【2018·浙江卷 】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making
Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
8. 【2018·浙江卷 】F Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.
9. 【2018·天津】The _______ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the other space.
A. advice B. order C. possibility D. invitation
10. 【2016·天津】The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.
A. effect B. sense C. change D. chance
11. 【2016·浙江】It is important to pay your electricity bill on time , as late payments may affect your ______.
A. condition B. income C. credit D. status
12. 【2016·江苏】— Can you tell us your______ for happiness and a long life?
— Living every day to the full, definitely.
A. recipe B. record C. range D. receipt
13.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all (cause)．
14. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreased (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
15. (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts.
16.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
17. (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible
(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.
18(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed, the other is with mum—she never suspects.
【语法精讲】
考点解读：
1.给出名词提示词，考查名词的数；
2. 给出其他词性形式(通常为动词、形容词)的提示词，填写名词
考点一
名词的数
名词按其词汇意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数之分， 不可数名词没有复数形式。
一、可数名词复数的变化规则
1．可数名词复数的规则变化
一般情况下在词尾直接加s | books, horses, beds, pages |
以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词，在词尾加es | glasses, boxes, brushes, watches (例外：stomach→stomachs) |
以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，把y变为i再加es；以元音字母＋y结尾的名词，直接加s | cities, countries, factories, boys, toys, holidays |
以o结尾的名词，常在词尾加s | radios, photos, pianos, zoos(例外：heroes, tomatoes, potatoes) |
以f或fe结尾的名词，常把f或fe变成v，再加es；少数词尾加s | half→halves, leaf→leaves, knife→knives(例外：roofs, chiefs, gulfs, beliefs, proofs) |
2.可数名词复数的不规则变化
单复数同形 | deer, sheep, Chinese, means(方式，方法), series, species |
词形变化 | man→men, woman→women, child→children, tooth→teeth, foot→feet, mouse→mice |
合成名词 的复数 | 将主体名词变为复数：passerby→passersby, lookeron→lookerson |
无主体名词时通常在最后一个词后加复数词尾。grownup→grownups, standby→standbys | |
名词前有 man或 woman修饰 | man/woman和中心词都要变为复数形式。如：woman doctor→women doctors，man waiter→men waiters |
疑难点
(1)常以复数形式出现的名词：thanks, congratulations, shoes, trousers, works(著作；工厂), manners(礼貌), spirits(情绪), instructions(操作说明), directions(用法说明), papers(试卷，文件), times(时代)等。
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