翻译精炼
第 1题：翻译题(本题1分)
Globalization places us in increasingly more situations where we may need to host international business associates for meals. With so many cultural differences in dining preferences, even among those ofthe same nationality and culture, the safest and most considerate thing we can do when treating a guest is to simply ask. Avoid making too many assumptions about what your guests would like and inquire about their preferences.
China's dish names are infused with its culinary culture, and expressing them in English is not always so easy. Zhao Huimin, director of Beijing Foreign Affairs Office, said, "As Beijing is striving to become a 'World City', we need a better language environment. And Chinese food has become more popular around the world in recent years, so it's essential to standardize the translation. The newly published book contains easy-to-understand English names of almost all mainstream dishes of China's eight major cuisines. It is for reference only, and is not compulsory."
【答案解析】：
全球化可能使我们需要款待国际商业伙伴的情况日益增加。饮食喜好方面的文化差异很大，即使是在相同国籍和文化背景下，当在招待客人时，我们能够做得最安全、最用到的事情就是直接询问他们。对于你的客人喜欢什么，不要进行太多的假设，而是要去询问他们的喜好。 中国莱名注入了中国的烹饪文化，因此用英语表达并不总是那么容易。北京市外事办主任赵惠民说“随着北京在努力地成为‘世界城市’，我们需要更好的语言环境。近年来中国食品在世界范围内变得越来越受欢迎，因此翻译规范化是至关重要的。这本新出版的书（这里指《中文菜单英文译法》）几乎收录中国八大莱系中所有主流菜肴的简单易懂的英文名称。该书仅供参考，并非是强制性的。”
第 2题：翻译题(本题1分)
We live in a moment packed with new possibilities, and we've never been better equipped to seize them. The problem is that many of us don't feel it. If this is the best time to be alive, it certainly hasn't becn the easiest.
This upheaval has created winners: among owners ofcapital; among entrepreneurs who have grown into new markets; and among individuals whose skills, acumen or luck helps them to navigate this tangle. But it has also created losers: among pensioners and homeowners whose savings were destro
yed by unforeseen financial risks; among workers whose jobs are now being done overseas by people escaping from poverty; among those whose jobs stayed onshore but are being replaced by machines; among farmers whose crops are failing because of climate change; among citizens in countries where a small elite are siphoning the benefits of global integration into offshore bank accounts.
【答案解析】：
我们生活的当下充满新的可能性，我们也拥有前所未有的能力去把握这种可能性，问题是我们很多人并没有感受到它。如果说当下是最美好的时代，那一定还不是最轻松的时代。这场变革创造了成功者：有的是资本所有者；有的是开拓新市场的企业家；有的是技艺超、机敏精干，或者好运加身的弄潮儿。但这场变革也产生了失败者：有的退休者和房主突遭金融风险，积蓄毁于一旦；有的人被国外脱贫者所取代，工作流出了国门；有的人的工作虽未流出国门，却被机器取而代之；有的农民因气候变化收成惨淡；有的人生活的国家，全球一体化的收益被少数精英收入囊中转至的银行账户。
第 3题：翻译题(本题1分)
第 题：翻译题(本题分)
Studies show that social engagement is one of the best predictors of happiness. Yet we associate with
each other less than ever. Robert Putnam of Harvard University called this phenomenon "bowling alone"; he said that the decline ofprivate associations, particularly churches, had led to an isolation that was making people poorer emotionally. That pattern has accelerated as we swivel toward a more digital society.
We live in the richest, most prosperous, freest time in human history. That's a wonderful gift we've all been given. But we've also shed gifts that are ancient and vital: the gift of solid family structure; the gift of common religious commitment; the gift of a culture and heritage of meritocracy (精英教育 ). No government program can fill those gaps-and every effort to do so ends with the exacerbation of precisely the failures govemment programs are designed to alleviate.
【答案解析】：
研究表明，社会参与度是幸福的最佳指标之一。但人们之间的交往却比以往任何时候都要少。
哈佛大学的Robert Putnam称这种现象为“独自打保龄球”。他称，私人团体，尤其是教会的衰落造成了孤立，使得人们在情感上变得更为贫瘠。随着我们的社会变得更加数字化，这种模式已经加剧。
我们生活在人类历史上最富裕、最繁荣、最自由的时代。这是给予我们所有人的一份美好的“礼物”。但
是，我们也丢失了一些古老而重要的“礼物”：稳固的家庭结构；共同的宗教信仰；精英教育的文化和传统。没有任何政府项目可以填补这些空白——而且政府计划为减轻这些问题所做的所有努力，恰恰都以失败的不断加剧而告终。
第 4题：翻译题(本题1分)
Do friends of the opposite gender distract teenagers, hampering their academic performance? It may seem obvious, and yet it is hard to prove.
A survey of American schoolchildren conducted in 1995, for example, suggests no link between the proportion of a girl's friends who were boys and her grades. A new paper by Andrew Hill of the University of South Carolina, however, comes to a different result. He finds that for every 10% more children of the opposite sex among a student's friends, his or her grade-point average (GPA) declines by O.l (GPAs range from O t0 4) .
Not only may having more friends of the opposite sex be bad for grades, but it has other effects, too. Among the children from the original survey who were successfully re-interviewed 14 years later, those whose grades had been dragged down by friends of the opposite gender were more likely to be married.
【答案解析】：
交异性朋友会使青少年分心，影响他们的学业吗？这个问题看似显而易见，但其实很难证实。
比如．1995年，对美国在校儿童的一项调查显示：女生的学业成绩与其异性朋友的所占比例无关。然而，南卡罗采纳大学的教授Andrew H．1l发表的最新论文却得出了不同的结论。他发现，一个学生的朋友中，每多IO%的异性朋友，他或她的各科平均绩点(GPA)会下降O.l（各科平均绩点在0-4之间）。交更多的异性朋友不仅不利于学业，还有其他一些影响。14年后，对初次参加调查的孩子又进行了一次采访，结果显示，因交异性朋友而导致成绩下降的孩子更可能结婚。
第 5题：翻译题(本题1分)
Sweating on purpose is becoming an elite phenomenon. In a darkened room at the edge of downtown Washington, D.C., electronic music pulses over the speakers as a crowd of mostly sweaty young women bop up and down. Sadly, this is not a drug fuelled rave, but rather a mid afternoon spin class.
women bop up and down. Sadly, this is not a drug-fuelled rave, but rather a mid-afternoon spin class. It is run by Soul Cycle, which promotes the idea that riding an exercise bike to loud music is akin to entering a "soul sanctuary". The experience, involving awkwardly lifting weights while cycling, costs ab
out S35 for 45 minutes, which does not deter its well-heeled customers. "Some of the women pay a lot of money to go here," says a staff member, her eyebrows raised.
According to figures from the International Health, Racquet and Sportsclub Association, an industry group, gym members now number 54m, up from 45m in 2009. Twice as many Americans subscribe to gyms as in the mid-1990s.
【答案解析】：
有意流汗成为精英现象。在华盛顿哥伦比亚特区市郊一处幽暗的房间里，一年轻女性跟着扬声器里传出的音乐节拍，又蹦又跳，挥汗如雨。遗憾的是，它不是一场药物刺激下的狂欢，而是斯宾课的下午场。这是一节由激情单车工作室开办的动感单车课程，其推广的运营理念是：在高亢激昂的音乐下骑行，就好比参加了一次“灵魂救赎营”的集训。一节课程通常是45分钟，单次收费为35美元，骑车的同时还需要做一些笨拙的拉举动作，但这并不会阻止那些高端消费者纷纷加入。“有些女性为了来这里花了很多钱。”一位工作人员扬着眉毛说道。根据行业组织国际健康及运动俱乐部协会的数据显示，健身俱乐部会员现已达到5 400万，超出2009年的4 500万，是20世纪90年代中期美国人报名参加健身俱乐部的两倍。
第 6题：翻译题(本题1分)
Until the early 20th century failure to bear a son was grounds for divorce. South Koreans greatly preferred boys, who could not only support their parents financially but also carry out ancestral rites. When ultrasound technology became widespread in the 1980s, many South Koreans used it to detect female femses and then have them aborted. Sex ratios became skewed. In response to these trends the South Korean government made it illegal for doctors to reveal the sex of a fetus,
Following the Asian financial crisis of 1997, many women took part-time jobs to supplement the family income. Parents noticed, and began to invest more heavily in educating girls. In 2015 three-quarters of South Korean female secondary-schoolers went to university, compared with two-thirds of their male peers. Since 2009 expectant parents have been allowed to know the sex of their baby after 32 weeks' gestation. Many will have found out before, from doctors who trust that parents' attitudes have changed.
【答案解析】：
直到20世纪初，无法生育男孩还是离婚的理由之一。韩国人民非常偏爱男孩，主要是因为男孩不仅可以在经济上赡养父母，还能延续先祖的宗法。
20世纪80年代，超声波技术得到广泛应用，许多韩国家庭借此技术手段对胎儿性别进行鉴别，打掉女孩，
最终导致男女比例严重失调。时此，韩国政府出台了一项法规，将医生向准父母告知其胎儿性别列为违法行为。
继1997年的亚洲金融危机之后，许多妇女通过做兼职工作来补贴家用。父母们意识到了教育的重要性，并加大对女孩子在教育方面的投资。到2015年，有四分之三的中学女生进入大学深造，相比较而言，中学男生大学升学率是三分之二。自2009年起，准父母在怀孕32周后可以知道他们孩子的性别。他们也能提前从医生那里得知，但医生相信准父母的观点已经改变。
第 7题：翻译题(本题1分)
A recent US study found that people who score high for extroversion rate themselves as leaner and taller than they acmally are, with male extroverts weighing more than introverts. Conscientiousness is associated with a healthier weight, xvith the most conscientious (in the top 25%) weighing on average almost Skg less than the least conscientious (in the bottom 25%). Participants scoring low on
emotional
stability tended to overestimate their weight, although women who gave themselves a low score did actually weigh more than others with higher scores on this trait.
These findings held across all of the ethnic groups included in the study. While some links are unsurprising (eg. conscientious people stick to their diets), some are not so easy to explain. Why, for example, do extrovcrted men weigh more? Is it because they're always in the pub? If so, perhaps the"beer goggle" effect explains why they rate themselves as taller and thinner than they actually are. 【答案解析】：
最近一项美国研究发现，外向打分高的人认为自己比实际上更高更瘦，其中男性外向者的体重比内向者更重。责任心和更健康的体重相关，其中最有责任心的人（排名前25%）平均体重比最缺乏责任心的人（排名在后25%）轻将近5公斤。在情绪稳定方面得分低的参与者常常高估他们的体重，虽然给自己打分低的女性在这一特性上比给自己打分高的人实际上更重。
这些发现囊括了该研究包含的所有族。虽然一些联系并不令人惊讶（例如有责任心的人饮食规律），然而有些就难以解释。例如，为什么外向型的男士更重？是因为他们老是泡酒吧？如果是这样，也许“酒里出西施”效应解释了为何他们认为自己比实际上更高更瘦。
第 8题：翻译题(本题1分)
There are two types of death: the kind that comes so soon, and the kind that, though lamentable, at least feels age-appropriate. When someone young passes away, the blow is made worse by all the mi
weigh翻译ght-have-beens-what the deceased could have done, seen, and accomplished if only given more time. When the very old die, however, the loss-while still terrible for their loved ones-doesn't come with the same sense of unfulfillcd potential. "It was his time" is the phrase that so ofien applies, or, "She lived a full life." But the definition of "a full life" is expanding, and the line dividing the two types of death is retreating. As life expectancies continue to change, so too will our collective ideas about death and its time-not just for talents who generation-defining songs, but also the rest of us who still have unfinished business of our own.
【答案解析】：
有两种类型的死亡：一种来得太早，让人猝不及防；另一种虽令人痛惜，但也算得上寿终正寝。当一个年轻人逝去，所有的可能都会使这一打击更加严重——如果还有时间的话，还有很多能做的、能看到的、能完成的事业。然而，当年纪很大的老人去世时，虽然这种失去对他们所爱的人来说一样是痛惜的，但是不会有同样未完成的惋惜。这时人们通常会说“这是他该去的时候了”，或“她度过了完满的一生”。但“完满的一生”的定义扩大了，两种死亡的分界线也正在退却。随着人的预期寿命的不断变化，整个社会对死亡和死亡时间的观念也随之变化——不只针对那些能写出定义时代的歌曲的天才，也针对我们这些还有自己未竟的事业的人。

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