unit 1  graduate education  研究生教育
TEXT
Graduate Study Challenges and Strategies for Success
反思：读研的挑战与成功策略
weigh翻译Linda Weston Kramer, RN, BSN, CCRN
琳达·威斯顿·克莱默
(1) The decision to pursue graduate studies should not be taken lightly. Decisions should be made after serious consideration of personal and professional goals. One must evaluate the variety of programs offered, whether traditional on campus versus online classroom, cost of continuing education, financial aid availability, employment while in school, time allotment to complete studies, computer program technical skills, and computer/library access, to obtain a master's degree. Graduate programs should help the student acquire 3 core competencies.
(1)继续读研的决定不应太草率，必须先慎重考虑个人及职业发展目标。为了获得硕士学位，你必须评估学校提供的研究生教育的多样性，不管它是传统的校园教学还是网络课堂；你还必须评估继续接受教育的费用，是否可以获得经济资助，能否兼职，完成学业的时间分配，个人计算机能力，学校计算机及图书馆资源等各类因素。研究生教育应该帮助学生获得三种核心能力。
(2) Michael Woolcock, a professor of Social Science and Development Policy and Research Director of the Brooks World Poverty Institute in University Of Manchester, lists these 3 skills as detective (data collection, analysis, and interpretation), translator (reframing given ideas for diverse groups), and diplomat (negotiation, conflict mediation, and deal making). Benefits of a master's degree include intellectual improvement, personal development, acquisition of enhanced verbal/writing skills, advancement in career positions, and networking with peers and colleagues. According to Wai-Ching Leung, a senior registrar in Public Health Medicine, Newcastle City Health Trust, UK and also a prolific writer, graduates of master's degrees are required to show originality, knowledge application, and awareness of critical issues on a higher level than undergraduates.
(2)迈克尔·沃尔考克是曼彻斯特大学社会科学和发展政策学教授以及布鲁克斯世界贫困问题研究所的项目主任。
他将这三种能力列为：侦探能力（数据收集、分析、诠释），翻译能力（将已有观点阐述给不同的体），外交能力（谈判、斡旋、取得共识）。硕士学位带来的好处包括智力的提升、个人的成长、口语/写作技巧的增强、职业的发展以及人脉关系的建立。根据梁伟澄先生的观点，在原创性、知识应用、洞察关键问题的能力方面，硕士生需表现出比本科生更高的水准。梁先生是英国纽卡斯尔市健康信托机构公共健康医药部门的资深医师，同时也是一位多产作家。
(3) The first challenge is understanding which kind of graduate study will prepare and meet basic individual needs. Time constraints are another factor because interaction with professors, current graduate students, and counselors are necessary in making that initial decision. Online degree acquisition boasts of schedule flexibility, students setting their own pace, no travel time, and 24/7 Web interaction. But there are still deadlines and assignments that must be met while trying to meet the demands of daily living. Online stud
ents often feel isolated from other students and faculty. Similarities and differences of various graduate programs must be assessed by the potential student. Students must balance work, family, and school demands where feelings of being rushed and fatigued are common. Often, everything else in your life takes precedence over school. Failure to complete a course or degree is usually caused by social or family reasons rather than academic reasons.
(3)你首先面临的挑战是了解哪一类的研究生培养计划能满足个人基本需求并为其做好准备。另外一个挑战是时间限制，因为与教授、在读研究生及顾问们的交流是做出这个最初决定的必要过程。读网络学位可以有弹性学习时间，学生可以制定自己的学习进度，无需花时间往返校园，并且可以每天24小时进行网络交流。但是，在尽力满足日常生活要求的同时，学生们仍然要完成各类作业及面对各种截止期限。接受远程教育的学生还常常觉得与老师和其他同学隔绝开了。准备读研的学生必须评估各类研究生教育的相似与不同。学生们必须在工作、家庭和学校要求之间到平衡，而这三点常常使学生们有逼迫感与疲惫感。通常的情况是，生活中的其它事情都比学业重要。所以不能完成学业或获得学位的原因经常是来自社会与家庭，而不是学术。
(4) There are several solutions for success. The first strategy for success is to choose the right school. The second strategy is time management. Keep a notebook to jot thoughts, ideas, and observations to use at a later time. Make "to-do" lists, crossing out tasks as they are completed. Ramesh B. Navuluri, a family nurse practitioner in Lea Regional Medical Center, Hobbs, New Mexico compared the basics of time management to our heart's rhythm using the PQRSTU mnemonic. P is for Prioritizing events that are controlled by others and those controlled by you. Q is to Question the task's effectiveness, efficacy, and efficiency. This involves knowing the "why's" to enable accomplishment. R is Recheck your list of completed and unfinished tasks and/or events as soon as possible. S is Self-reliance in knowing what you can or cannot do as well as can or cannot control. The key here is to be realistic, adaptive, creative, and persistent. T is Treating yourself. Take a break to clear your mind. Restart working after feeling ready or refreshed. Finally, U is You can do it. I always think of Rob Schneider from "Saturday Night Live" when I hear that phrase! However, it is very motivational to ascertain that you can do it, whether by yourself or as a team with others. The third and final strategy for success is stress management. There are
many ways to destress, but it has to be something that is enjoyable and meaningful. Physical activity, singing, crafts, music, meditation, traveling, and massages are various outlets for relieving stress.
(4)获得成功有几种方法。成功的第一条策略是选对学校。第二条策略是管理好时间。用笔记本草草记下以后要用到的想法、观点和观察，将待办的事情列成清单，每完成一件就将其从清单中划掉。来自新墨西哥州霍布斯里亚区域医疗中心的一名家庭护士，拉梅什.纳乌卢瑞，将肺炎的设备PQRSTU一词用于比较时间管理的基本概念和我们心脏的节奏。P是Prioritizing，确定被他人及你自己掌控的那些事情的优先处理次序。Q是Question，质疑任务的有效性、效果及效率。这点涉及到要知道“何以”来确保任务的完成。R是Recheck，尽快重新核查你的待办清单，哪些任务或事情已经完成，哪些尚未完成。S是Self-reliance，自信，知道自己能做什么与不能做什么，能控制什么与不能控制什么。这里的关键是要务实、变通、创造与坚持。T是Treating yourself，善待自己。休息一下以保持头脑清醒，感觉到准备好、精力充沛了再重新开始工作。最后，U是You can do it，你能做到。这句话总使我想起“周六夜现场”中的鲍勃.施耐德！然而不管你是通过自己还是与他人进行团队合作，确定自己能够做到是非常励志的。成功的第三条也是最后一条策略，是处理好压力。减压的方法有
很多，但必须是令人愉快及有意义的。体育活动、唱歌、手工、音乐、冥想、旅游以及按摩等都是舒缓压力的多种渠道。
(5) Graduate study can be very challenging but rewarding. Studies show that graduate program graduates subscribe to occupation-related journals, participate in national organization, and read professional journals. I have my own ABC mnemonic to use once the decision to further your education is made. A is Assess your personal and professional goals. Many jobs now require a master's degree. B is Buy into your decision! Weigh all of the pros and cons before choosing. And finally, C is Charge ahead, keeping your goal in sight!

版权声明：本站内容均来自互联网，仅供演示用，请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系QQ:729038198，我们将在24小时内删除。