词性转换（名词、形容词和副词）和比较等级
A
(2018·浙江卷)Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook.Making Chinese __1__ (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.Many westerners __2__ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap __3__ can be to eat out.I still remember __4__ (visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I __5__ (shock) when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.
While regularly eating out seems to __6__ (become) common for many young people in recent years，it's not without a cost.The obvious one is money；eating out once or twice a week may be __7__ (afford) but doing this most days adds up.There could be an even __8__ (high) cost on your health.Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in __9__ (weigh) problems.
If you are not going to suffer this problem，then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum's home __10__ dinner，get a few cooking tips from her.Cooking food can be fun.You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.
答案：【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。作者发现了一件让自己惊讶的事情：来到中国的西方人几乎自己不做饭，而且越来越多的年轻人自己也不做饭。
1．dishes　解析：句意：做中国菜被认为是一件特别麻烦的事。考查可数名词复数。dish是可数名词，要用其复数形式。
2．who/that　解析：句意：很多来到中国的西方人自己做饭的次数大大少于他们在自己国家做饭的次数。__2__come to China是定语从句，修饰先行词westerners，定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词表示“人”，所以要用关系代词who/that引导。
3．it　解析：句意：……一旦他们意识到在外面吃饭有多么便宜。考查it的用法。空格处是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语to eat out，所以答案为it。
4．visiting　解析：句意：我仍然记得去拜访过一位在这里生活了五年的朋友。考查非谓语
动词。空格处是非谓语动词作宾语，根据语境可知此处表达“记得做过某事”，应该用remember doing sth.，所以答案为visiting。
5．was shocked　解析：句意：当我得知她那五年自己一次饭也没有做过时，我感到震惊。考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空格处是句子的谓语，shock与主语I为被动关系，且根据learnt可知为一般过去时的被动语态，故答案为was shocked。
6．have become　解析：句意：尽管近年来经常在外面吃饭好像对很多年轻人来说已经是一件很平常的事了。考查非谓语动词。seem to do sth.好像做某事。根据语境和句子中的时间状语in recent years可知，此处应该用不定式的完成时，表示动作已经完成，所以答案为have become。
7．affordable　解析：句意：每周在外面吃饭一两次是可以负担得起的。考查形容词。空格处在句中作表语，表示主语的特征，要用afford的形容词形式，所以答案为affordable(负担得起的)。
8．higher　解析：句意：这么做可能还会让你付出更高的健康代价。考查形容词比较级。根据even可知此处应该用比较级形式，故填higher。
9．weight　解析：考查名词。空格处修饰后面的名词，weight problems体重问题。
10．for　解析：句意：下一次去你妈妈那儿吃饭的时候，从她那儿学习一些做饭方面的建议。考查介词的用法。根据语境可知空格处表达“为了吃饭”。应该用介词for表示目的。
B
(2018·山东淄博一模)British Prime Minister Theresa Mary May paid an __1__ (office)visit to China from Jan. 31 to Feb. 2. She said in her__2__(speak) on Jan. 31, “With the building of the global comprehensive strategic partnership towards the 21st century between China and the UK, the relationship has __3__(deep)by people­to­people and cultural exchanges between the two countries.”
In exchanges between China and the UK, British tea has become a cultural part that has to be mentioned. Tea, __4__ the important goods of the ancient Maritime Silk Road, was once an important carrier of Sino­British trade relations, and has existed for thousands of years. Through business and trade __5__ has covered more than 10,000 kilometers and 100 year
s，Chinese tea has officially entered every corner of Europe. The UK, however, is the European country most __6__(affect) by tea culture.
The popularity of tea­drinking in Britain was first limited to the royal family. Later, when expensive __7__(tea) were sold in certain cafes, women were initially not allowed to enter. It wasn't __8__ 1706 that Thomas Twining founded the world's first dry tea and coffee shop in London. The tea shop quickly became a favorite place for London women. __9__(strong) promoted by those fashionable women, __10__(taste) tea gradually became popular among the upper class of Britain. In the eyes of people who love tea culture all over the world, Twining's tea has become a representative of British tea.
答案：【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国茶文化的发展历史。
1．official　解析：句意：英国首相特蕾莎·玛丽·梅从1月31日至2月2日对中国进行了正式访问。设空处作名词visit的定语，由此可推知设空处需用形容词形式。official为形容词，意为“官方的，正式的”。
2．speech　解析：句意：在1月31日的演讲中，她说：“随着中英两国面向21世纪全球全面战略合作伙伴关系的构建，通过两国间的人际和文化交流，这种关系得到了加强。”设空处作介词in的宾语，意为“演讲”，故填名词speech。
3．deepened/been deepened　解析：设空处为谓语动词，根据设空处前的has可知设空处应与has一起构成现在完成时形式；deepen可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，意为“加深，加强”。由此可知设空处填deepened或been deepened。
4．as　解析：句意：作为古代海上丝绸之路的重要商品，茶叶曾经是中英贸易关系的重要载体，到现在已经存在数千年了。根据设空处后的名词goods可知设空处应为介词，意为“作为”，故填as。
5．that/which　解析：句意：通过覆盖1万多公里、历经100多年的商贸活动，中国的茶叶已经正式进入欧洲的每个角落。介词短语“Through business and trade '5'has covered more than 10,000 kilometers and 100 years”作状语；其中“'5' has covered more than 10,000 kilometers and 100 years”为限制性定语从句，先行词为business and trade；将先行词代入定语从句后可知关系词在定语从句中作主语，且指“事物”，故填that或which。
6．affected　解析：句意：然而英国是受茶文化影响最大的欧洲国家。考查非谓语动词作定语。被修饰词country与affect为逻辑上的被动关系，故填过去分词affected。weigh形容词

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