专题01  第四讲  名词、形容词和副词
高考英语重点精准突破讲练【易错点】
考向一  名词的词形变化
【名词的变化】
考点
解题技巧
名词变复数
1.被数词或者 these,those,several,many, all,both,various,a number of 等词修饰时,名词用复数形式。
2.前面有“one of”修饰时,名词用复数形式。
3.若谓语动词是复数形式,则作主语的名词用复数形式。
名词变形容词
提示词为名词,如果作定语修饰后面的名词或前面有比较级修饰,则一般考查名词变形容词。一般在名词词尾加后缀,如:-able;-al;-ful;-en;-y;-less;-ly;-ous 等构成形容词,如:terrible,national,useful, wooden, healthy, careless, monthly, dangerous 等。
名词变动词
提示词为名词,如果作谓语或非谓语,则一般考查名词变动词。一般在名词词尾加后缀-en;-ize 或前缀 en等构成动词。 如:strengthen,apologize,encourage,en danger 等。
名词所有格
提示词与后面的名词为所属关系,应考虑名词所有格。单数名词或不以s结尾的复数名词,在词尾加's;以s结尾的单数或者复数名词,在词尾加'。
【名词变复数的规则】
规则变化
1.一般在词尾加 s;如果是以ch,sh,s,x等结尾的单词,加 es, 如:trees,bikes,buses, watches,boxes,
2.辅音字母+y结尾的单词,变y为i再加 es;元音字母+y结尾的单词,直接加s babies,families, boys, plays
3.以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro,hero)、两菜(tomato,potato)加es外,其余一般加s 
4.以f或fe结尾的单词,通常把f, fe 变为v再加 es wives, knives, wolves
特殊变化
1.child-children;mouse-mice man→men, woman>women; tooth→teeth,foot→feet;
2.German→Germans human→humans stomach→stomachs chief>chiefs belief→beliefs
3.两个名词组成的合成词一般只变后一个名词,如apple trees ; 但是和 man,woman 组成的合成词两个词都要变复数,如 women teachers,men doctors
4.单复数同形 Chinese,Japanese,people,sheep,deer,fish
考向二  形容词的词形变化
考点
解题技巧
形容词变名词、副词
1.若空格处的词修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,应考虑副词形式。
2.若空格处在动词前作主语或介词或
形容词后作宾语,应考虑名词形式。
形容词、副词变反义词
根据句意和前后逻辑关系,确定句意表否定时,可以添加否定前缀(ik.un-im.dis等)或否定后缀(-less 等)变为反义词。
变比较级
1.空前有much,far,still,even,rather,a little,a bit,a lot,a great deal,than 等
标志性词时应考虑用比较级。
2.句型“the+比较级...,the十比较级...”表示“越……,就越……”。
3.句型“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
4.“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义。
5.句中如果没有标志词,但暗含比较级的意思,也需要用比较级。
变最高级
1.设空后有表示范围的标志词 in,of, among 等时,用最高级。
2.设空前有 one of the,the+序数词等修饰词时,用最高级。
3.句中如果没有标志词,但暗含最高级的意思,也需要用最高级。
【形容词变副词的规则】
变化规则
例词
一般形容词后直接加-ly
quick-quickly; obvious-obviously
辅音字母+e结尾的形容词直接加-ly,元音字母+e结尾的形容词去e,再加-ly
immediate-immediately; polite-politely; extreme-extremely;  true--truly
辅音字母+le结尾的形容词,去掉e,加-y
possible-possibly; terrible-terribly
辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i, 再加-ly
happy-happily; healthy-healthily
-ic结尾的形容词在其后加-ally
economic-economically; basic-basically
-ll结尾的形容词在其后加y
full-fully; dull-dully
【形容词、副词变最高级的规则】
构成法
原级
比较级
最高级
一般单音节词未尾加-er,-est
tall; great
taller; greater
tallest-greatest
以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st
nice; large; able
nicer; larger
nicest;largest;ablest
以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est
big;
hot
Bigger
hotter
biggest
hottest
"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er,-est
easy(容易的)
busy(忙的)
easier
busier
easiest
busiest
少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er,-est
clever(聪明的)
narrow(窄的)
cleverer
narrower
cleverest
narrowest
其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级。
importanteasily
more important
more easily
most important
most easily
不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good(好的), well(健康的)
better
best
weigh形容词
bad (坏的), ill(有病的)
worse
worst
old (老的)
older/elder
oldest/eldest
much/many(多的)
more
most
little(少的)
less
least
far (远的)
farther/further
farthest/furthest
            高考真题练
1.(2022新高考I卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and _________ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2. (2022全国甲卷)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more _________ (meaning). (所给词的适当形式填空)
3. (2022全国甲卷...and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s _________ (high) mountain. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4. (2022全国乙卷)“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the _________ (large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5. (2022年全国乙卷)"It can help to build a community with a ________(share)future for mankind," he said. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6. (2022年浙江卷1月)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, __________(rough) 200 academics - many of them climate scientists have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7.(2022全国乙卷)As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a________ (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. (所给词的适当形式填空)                   
模拟演练
I  单句语法填空  (重点练)
1.(2022年河南南阳·高三南阳中学模拟)Confucius first set up private schools and received students from every walk of life without ________ (consider) of their social status. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2.(2023年全国·高三专题练习)The obvious _________ (solve) to this problem is simple: just don’t drink. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3.(2023·全国·高三专题练习)I am a bit _________(suspect) of that package that’s been left in the corridor. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4.(2023年全国·高三专题练习)My kids had never been ________ (interested) in my job than when I was on the Bei Bei beat. (所给词的适当形式填空)

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