专题01 第四讲 名词、形容词和副词
高考英语重点精准突破讲练【易错点】
考向一 名词的词形变化
【名词的变化】
考点 | 解题技巧 |
名词变复数 | 1.被数词或者 these,those,several,many, all,both,various,a number of 等词修饰时,名词用复数形式。 2.前面有“one of”修饰时,名词用复数形式。 3.若谓语动词是复数形式,则作主语的名词用复数形式。 |
名词变形容词 | 提示词为名词,如果作定语修饰后面的名词或前面有比较级修饰,则一般考查名词变形容词。一般在名词词尾加后缀,如:-able;-al;-ful;-en;-y;-less;-ly;-ous 等构成形容词,如:terrible,national,useful, wooden, healthy, careless, monthly, dangerous 等。 |
名词变动词 | 提示词为名词,如果作谓语或非谓语,则一般考查名词变动词。一般在名词词尾加后缀-en;-ize 或前缀 en等构成动词。 如:strengthen,apologize,encourage,en danger 等。 |
名词所有格 | 提示词与后面的名词为所属关系,应考虑名词所有格。单数名词或不以s结尾的复数名词,在词尾加's;以s结尾的单数或者复数名词,在词尾加'。 |
【名词变复数的规则】
规则变化 | 1.一般在词尾加 s;如果是以ch,sh,s,x等结尾的单词,加 es, 如:trees,bikes,buses, watches,boxes, 2.辅音字母+y结尾的单词,变y为i再加 es;元音字母+y结尾的单词,直接加s babies,families, boys, plays 3.以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro,hero)、两菜(tomato,potato)加es外,其余一般加s 4.以f或fe结尾的单词,通常把f, fe 变为v再加 es wives, knives, wolves |
特殊变化 | 1.child-children;mouse-mice man→men, woman>women; tooth→teeth,foot→feet; 2.German→Germans human→humans stomach→stomachs chief>chiefs belief→beliefs 3.两个名词组成的合成词一般只变后一个名词,如apple trees ; 但是和 man,woman 组成的合成词两个词都要变复数,如 women teachers,men doctors 4.单复数同形 Chinese,Japanese,people,sheep,deer,fish |
考向二 形容词的词形变化
考点 | 解题技巧 |
形容词变名词、副词 | 1.若空格处的词修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,应考虑副词形式。 2.若空格处在动词前作主语或介词或 形容词后作宾语,应考虑名词形式。 |
形容词、副词变反义词 | 根据句意和前后逻辑关系,确定句意表否定时,可以添加否定前缀(ik.un-im.dis等)或否定后缀(-less 等)变为反义词。 |
变比较级 | 1.空前有much,far,still,even,rather,a little,a bit,a lot,a great deal,than 等 标志性词时应考虑用比较级。 2.句型“the+比较级...,the十比较级...”表示“越……,就越……”。 3.句型“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。 4.“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义。 5.句中如果没有标志词,但暗含比较级的意思,也需要用比较级。 |
变最高级 | 1.设空后有表示范围的标志词 in,of, among 等时,用最高级。 2.设空前有 one of the,the+序数词等修饰词时,用最高级。 3.句中如果没有标志词,但暗含最高级的意思,也需要用最高级。 |
【形容词变副词的规则】
变化规则 | 例词 |
一般形容词后直接加-ly | quick-quickly; obvious-obviously |
辅音字母+e结尾的形容词直接加-ly,元音字母+e结尾的形容词去e,再加-ly | immediate-immediately; polite-politely; extreme-extremely; true--truly |
辅音字母+le结尾的形容词,去掉e,加-y | possible-possibly; terrible-terribly |
辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i, 再加-ly | happy-happily; healthy-healthily |
-ic结尾的形容词在其后加-ally | economic-economically; basic-basically |
-ll结尾的形容词在其后加y | full-fully; dull-dully |
【形容词、副词变最高级的规则】
构成法 | 原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
一般单音节词未尾加-er,-est | tall; great | taller; greater | tallest-greatest |
以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st | nice; large; able | nicer; larger | nicest;largest;ablest |
以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est | big; hot | Bigger hotter | biggest hottest |
"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er,-est | easy(容易的) busy(忙的) | easier busier | easiest busiest |
少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er,-est | clever(聪明的) narrow(窄的) | cleverer narrower | cleverest narrowest |
其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级。 | important;easily | more important more easily | most important most easily |
【不规则变化】
原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
good(好的), well(健康的) | better | best |
weigh形容词 bad (坏的), ill(有病的) | worse | worst |
old (老的) | older/elder | oldest/eldest |
much/many(多的) | more | most |
little(少的) | less | least |
far (远的) | farther/further | farthest/furthest |
高考真题练
1.(2022年新高考I卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and _________ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2. (2022年全国甲卷)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more _________ (meaning). (所给词的适当形式填空)
3. (2022年全国甲卷)...and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s _________ (high) mountain. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4. (2022年全国乙卷)“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the _________ (large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5. (2022年全国乙卷)"It can help to build a community with a ________(share)future for mankind," he said. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6. (2022年浙江卷1月)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, __________(rough) 200 academics - many of them climate scientists have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7.(2022全国乙卷)As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a________ (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. (所给词的适当形式填空)
模拟演练
I 单句语法填空 (重点练)
1.(2022年河南南阳·高三南阳中学模拟)Confucius first set up private schools and received students from every walk of life without ________ (consider) of their social status. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2.(2023年全国·高三专题练习)The obvious _________ (solve) to this problem is simple: just don’t drink. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3.(2023·全国·高三专题练习)I am a bit _________(suspect) of that package that’s been left in the corridor. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4.(2023年全国·高三专题练习)My kids had never been ________ (interested) in my job than when I was on the Bei Bei beat. (所给词的适当形式填空)
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