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第2讲　冠词和介词
[全国卷考情分析]
题型
典题试做
命题解读
语
法
填
空
1． (2019·全国卷Ⅰ) Modern methods of/for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid­1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ) When we got a call saying she was short­listed，we thought it was a joke.
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
1．冠词表泛指、特指；
2．固定搭配中的冠词和介词；
3．介词的基本用法。
短
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改
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1． (2019·全国卷Ⅰ) Suddenly football fell just in front of me and almost hit me.football前面加上a
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ) When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor.chemistry后面加上in/at
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As the kid, I loved to the→a
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They live far from the school，and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.a→an/one
1．不定冠词a和an的错用以及它们与the的错用；
2．冠词的多余或缺失；
3．固定搭配中冠词、介词的错用；
4．介词与其他词搭配不当以及介词的缺失或多余。
考点一
不定冠词
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·日照联考)Many people may think the Forbidden City, or the Palace Museum, is         outstanding and old­fashioned museum.
an　[考查冠词。根据句意可知，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词；又因为空后单词“outstanding”的发音以元音音素开头，故用冠词an。]
2．(2019·湖南长郡中学检测)The wedding ceremony is usually hosted warmly and the wedding ceremony very often ends with         unique banquet.
a　[考查冠词。空后的banquet为可数名词，表示泛指，且unique的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。]
3．(2019·合肥第一次教学质量检测)The Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area made up of the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, the Tianzishan mountain ranges, Baofenghu and the Suoxi Valley is         very popular filming and tourist destination.
a　[考查冠词。destination为可数名词，且在此表示泛指，故填a。]
4．(2019·河北五个一名校联盟第二次考试)As you know, science plays
        very important role in our education.
a　[考查冠词。play an important 为固定搭配，意为“在……中扮演重要角(发挥重要作用)”，因为空后有发音以辅音音素开头的very，故填冠词a。]
Ⅱ.单句改错
5．(2019·曲阜师大附中二模)That accident took place on winter morning of the year 2019.       
winter前加a　[在描述“一个……样的……”的时候，通常会在形容词前面加上不定冠词，此
处意为“2019年的一个冬天的清晨”。]
不定冠词用于表示泛指，一般修饰单数可数名词，有a和an两种形式。当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是辅音音素时，用不定冠词a；当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是元音音素时，用不定冠词an。
1．不定冠词的基本用法
(1)用在可数名词单数前，泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。
It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man.人们普遍认为男孩子必须学会像男人那样站起来战斗。
(2)用在专有名词前表示“某一个”，相当于a certain。
—Excuse me，would you please give the iPad to John?
——打扰一下，请你把这个iPad给约翰好吗？
—Sorry，but I don't think there's a John in our class.
——对不起，但是我认为在我们班里没有叫约翰的。
(3)用在“be＋of＋a/an＋名词”结构中，表示“同一，相同”时，相当于of the same＋名词。
The two plants look different，but they are of a kind (＝of the same kind)．
这两种植物看上去不同，但属于同一类。
2．不定冠词的活用
(1)用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。
First impressions are the most lasting.After all，you never get a second chance to make a first impression.
最初的印象最持久。毕竟， 你不可能有机会给别人再留下一个第一印象。
(2)不定冠词可以用于某些具体化的抽象名词前，常考的具体化的抽象名词：success，failur
e，surprise，pleasure，beauty，pity，danger，comfort，honour等。
Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.
在艰苦的时期，能够买得起一杯饮料是一件令人感到欣慰的事。
(3)有些不可数名词如knowledge，collection，understanding等后面加of...时， 前面需用不定冠词a/an。have a (good) “精通……”；have a (clear/good) “了解……”。
If you don't have a good knowledge of English，it's out of the question for you to use it flexibly and fluently.
如果你不精通英语，那么何谈灵活而流利地运用它呢！
3．用于固定搭配中
all of a sudden突然地      as a matter of fact事实上
at a loss不知所措；困惑    pay a visit to参观；拜访
be/go on a diet节食      give sb. a lift让某人搭便车
make a fool of 愚弄      in a hurry匆忙地
make a living谋生      a 浪费
once in a while偶尔      keep an eye on 留意；留神
have a gift for在……方面有天赋
have a word with与……weight的搭配谈话
in a way从某种意义上说
as a result/consequence 因此
考点二
定冠词
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·惠州第二次调研)Being         world's most popular online battle game, it already has over 200 million players in China.
the　[考查冠词。此处表示“它成为世界上最受欢迎的网络对战游戏，在中国已经拥有超过两亿的玩家”。形容词最高级前应用定冠词the。]
2．(2019·河南豫北名校质量评估)Lanzhou is also qualified as     hometown of Chinese beef noodle.
the　[考查冠词。句意：兰州也被认为是中国牛肉面的故乡。此处表示特指，应用定冠词the。]
3．(2019·济宁二模)Bras explained that he is sick of         pressure of trying to keep his stars.
the　[考查冠词。根据空后内容可知，此处的名词pressure表示特指，故用定冠词the修饰。]

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