Module 1 Our Body and Healthy Habits
一、重点单词讲解
1．diet
（1）n. 日常饮食；规定食谱（如为疾病或减轻体重）
e.g.A balanced diet is good for our health.
My daughter doesn’t like a rich diet.
（2）vi. 只（准）吃某类食物或少量食物；（尤指为减轻体重）节食
e.g.I advise you to diet and take more exercise.
（3）常用短语：be on a diet/go on a diet 节食
e.g.The doctor said I should be on a diet.
She decided to go on a low-fat diet from this Monday.
辨析：food和diet
二者均表示食物；但food是一般用语，指任何可吃的东西，diet通常指维持健康的特定或定量的饮食；diet是可数名词，food是不可数名词，但在强调种类时为可数名词。
e.g.Many westerners like Chinese food.
Dad didn’t want my little sister to go on a diet though she was very heavy then.
2．fit
（weight常用短语1）adj. 健康的；适宜的；合适的
e.g.Don’t you feel fit？
The water isn’t fit to drink.
（2）vi. & vt 合适；安装
e.g.This jacket fits her well.
She fitted a new lamp in her bedroom.
（3）常用短语：
keep fit 保持健康
be /be fit 适合做……
e.g.My grandfather keeps fit by taking a walk every day.
What kind of job is he fit for？
（4）词语辨析：fit和suit
①fit作动词时，多指大小、形状“合适、吻合”；suit多指“合乎需要，合（某人）之意，或（衣服、型式等）与……相配”。
②fit作形容词时，可与suitable(合适的)互换，be fit for/=be suitable for/ 。
e.g.Try this key and see whether it fits.
（指the key和the keyhole是否吻合）
I’m afraid this time doesn’t suit me.
3．anxious
（1）adj. 忧虑的，不安的；渴望的
e.g.She is very anxious about her mother’s health.
We are anxious for your safe return.
（2）常用短语：
be anxious 为……担心
be anxious for sth/to do sth 渴望某事/做某事
be anxious for sb. to do sth. 渴望某人做某事
e.g.These students were anxious to know the result of the exam.
Sophia was anxious for all her friends to attend her birthday party.
4．injure
（1）vt. 使受伤；伤害
e.g.Luckily, he was only slightly injured in this accident.
I hope I didn’t injure your feeling.
（2）“定冠词(the) +形容词(adj.)”表示一类人或事物，因此，the injured表示“受伤的人”。
e.g.The number of the injured amounted to over 100.
词语辨析：hurt, injure, harm, damage和wound
hurt普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可精神上、感情上的伤害。
e.g.The driver hurt himself badly in the accident.
injure比hurt正式，hurt多指伤痛，而injure则指损害健康、成就、容貌等，强调功能的损失。
e.g.A bullet injured his left eye.
harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可，有时可指引起不安或不便，还可用于抽象事物，尤其是指不道德的事情。
e.g.Don’t harm your eyes by reading in dim light.
damage主要指对于物的损害，强调对于价值、用途、外观等所造成的损失，这种损失或因自然灾害所致，或因人为造成。
e.g.He damaged my car with a stone.
wound指伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上受伤，它可以指肉体上的伤害，也可指人们精神上的创伤。
e.g.The bullet wounded his arm.
5．pain
（1）n 疼痛；痛苦
e.g.The boy was crying with pain.
The young man broke his arm and cried with pain.
固定结构：be in pain 处于疼痛中
e.g.She is in great pain.
（2）vt. 使疼痛；使痛苦
e.g.It pains me to have to leave, but I must.
My foot is still paining me.
（3）pains n. 辛苦；努力
常用短语：take pains to do sth: to make a special effort to do sth, or to be very careful in doing sth. 不辞劳苦做某事
e.g.She took great pains to lose weight.
词语辨析：pain, ache和hurt
这三个词都和疼痛有关。ache和pain多作名词，hurt只能作动词。作动词时，hurt多用作不及物动词，作及物动词时，表示“（外物）伤害（某人）；使疼痛 ”；ache为不及物动词，指“（人）身体疼痛 ”，往往用于持续的疼痛或因一些小病引起的感觉；pain为及物动词，指“（肉体或精神上的）痛苦、悲痛”，比ache要严重些。
e.g.My injured arm hurts a lot.
The shoes are tight and hurt my feet.
His back pains him much.（非外物导致，故本句不宜用hurt ）
二、句子解析
1．When Zhou Kai’s mother saw him heading towards the front door without a jacket on she eyed him anxiously.
[译文]妈妈看到周凯没穿夹克就向前门走去，担心地盯着他。
（1）head vi. & vt. 走向，朝……方向前进；使……朝……方向前进
e.g.We headed the boat out to sea.
—Where are you heading for？—Shanghai.
He is heading for trouble.
He realized that he was heading in the wrong direction.
（2）without a jacket on意为“没穿夹克”，其中on是副词，表示“穿戴着”。
“with（without）+名词（代词）+分词（形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语）”称作with复合结构，可表示一种伴随状态，在句中作状语。
e.g.The young man walked in with a hunting dog following him.（with +n. + doing）
Don’t speak with your mouth full.（with +n. + adj.）
He ran out without shoes on. （with +n. + adv.）
The boss had a hard time with many tough problems to solve. （with +n. + to do .）
She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. （with +n. +pep-phrase）
2．You can at least go and get your jacket.
[译文]你至少可以去拿上你的夹克衫。
at (the) least 至少，at (the) most 至多，not (in) the least (not at all) 一点也不
e.g.You should at least have a try.
The boy is at most ten years old.
—Do you mind if I smoke？
—No, not in the least.
3．My mother has always made sure we eat very healthily.
[译文]我妈妈总是想方设法让我们吃得健康。
make sure把某事情弄清楚；确保
常用结构：
make sure of ....

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