SAKARA 最精要语法之不定式主动表被动+blame 用法
首先,要先明确不定式被动式的意义:如果不定式逻辑主语是动作的承受者,不定式需用被动语态
例:He dislikes to be praised in public. 他不喜欢当众被表扬。(“他”作为动作"praise"的承受者,故用不定式)
那么,用主动表被动的情况:
句中存在名词或代词可以作为不定式的逻辑主语,构成逻辑上的主谓关系
    例:Mr.Bird gave the dog a few bones to eat.
        这里是dog eat bone,也就是说是狗作为不定式中“吃”这个动作的主语,所以,可以用主动表被动
      weigh的用法如果不具有这种结构,则仍需要用被动
    例:The news reporter raised a few questions to be answered. 记者提了几个问题有待回答。(这里问题是由别人回答,而句中未出现具体有谁回答,也就是“answer”这个动词没有出现具体主语,所以要用被动) ...
英语中主动形式表示被动意义的常见情况:

在以下几种情况下,被动意义用主动语态来表示:

1. lock,, read, teach, translate, draw, read, sell, wash, write, open, wear等作不及物动词,用来说明主语的性质特征时,用主动形式表示被动意义。例如:

The door won't open.  这门打不开。
The poem writes well.  这首诗写得很好。
The shirt washes easily.  这件衬衫容易洗涤。
(其实,因为语感,我们会自然而然这么用。)
2. weigh, measure, cost, last, break out, take place, happen, remain, stay, appear, fall, rise, belong to等表示状态的动词或不及物动词,汉语有的有被动含义,英语却用主动形式。例如:

The price of pork is rising higher and higher  猪肉价格越来越高。
Great changes have taken place in his hometown  他的家乡发生了巨大变化。
(其实,因为语感,我们会自然而然这么用。)
3. feel, look, sound, smell, taste等作系动词,用主动形式表达被动意义。例如:

The cloth feels soft.  这布料摸起来很软。
His cake tastes good.  他的蛋糕味道很好。
(其实,因为语感,我们会自然而然这么用。)
4. 表示“需要”的need, want, require等动词后用动词ing的主动式(或不定式被动式)

The old bike needs repairing (or: to be repaired).
那辆旧自行车需要修理。
(因为语感,我们也会自然而然这么用。不过偶尔也可能用被动,反正都对。)
5 .形容词worth(值得)后面,跟动词ing的主动形式表被动意义(在worthy后用不定式被动式或of being done)例如:


This book is well worth reading. /is worthy to be read/of being read.
这本书很值得读。

6. 不定式在 easy, difficult, hard, heavy等表语形容词之后做状语, 用于说明主语性质特征时,不定式用主动形式表示被动意义(不定式与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系)。例如。

The water in the river is unfit to drink.这条河里的水不宜饮用。
His speech isn't easy to understand.他的演说不易理解。
7. 不定式作定语,而句子中有不定式的逻辑主语或宾语时,不定式用主动形式表被动意义。例如:
I have something important to tell you.我有重要事情要告诉你。
Is there anything else to say?   
不定式作定语,放在被修饰词后面,与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系,又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系,不定式要用主动表被动含义。
Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom在一间住的房间。(与room动宾关系,与Tom 有主谓关系)
He has a family to support.?他要维持一个家庭。(与family有动宾关系,与he有主谓关系)
8、主语much, a great deal, little, what等,其表语如是不定式,则用不定式的主动表被动。
What is to do? 做什么?
Much is to do. 太多要做的事。
(其实,因为语感,我们会自然而然这么用。)
PS记住一些动词应用中一般应用主动表示被动。

1 Need, want, require(要求,需要), deserve(应得,值得), be worth值得),not bear(经不住) 后面接doing主动表被动。
The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。
These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully.?
这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。
Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).?你的头发该剪了。?
2、不定式作定语,放在被修饰词后面,与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系,又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系,不定式要用主动表被动含义。(见上文)

3、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时,结构:主语+系动词+形容词 + 不定式;动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义,如(见上文6
difficult, easy, comfortable(舒适的), convenient(便利的,方便的), hard, cheap, expensive, 等,不定式用主动表被动。
The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。
I found the car comfortable to ride in. 我觉得这种车很好坐。
That makes poetry difficult to write. 那就使得诗很难写。
4be to结构中的一些不定式:这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。下列动词用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义:
You are to blame for the accident. 你应为这事受责备。
The house is to let.此房出租。?
A lot remains to do.还剩下许多事情要做。?

Exercises: choice.
1. There are many good films played by ChengLong that are worth _C____.
A. to be seen B. being seen C. seeing D. to see

2. The windows of the building can’t _____B
A. be closed B. close C. be closing D. closed
PS 关于Blame 的用法:blame的两个意思,一个是表示主动的指责某人,一个是含有被动含义的"应负责任".(前者当然有被动形式,意思是被指责,后者则是以不定式的形式出现.)
1. blame sb. for sth. /doing sth. 为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事。如:
Many children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English.  许多孩子害怕讲英语时犯错误而受责备。(这里不能是应负责,该受责)
He blamed his teachers for his failure.  他把自己的失败归咎于他的老师。
His companion, blamed for the accident, had not been driving carefully.  他的同伴没有谨慎驾驶,应对事故负责。
2. be to blame  (for)(……)承担责任;(……)受责备。[注意]此处不能用被动语态。如:
The children were not to blame for the accident. 那次事故怪不着孩子们。
He is more to blame than you. 是他更应受责备,而不是你。
I am in no way to blame.  决不该责备我。
(再看些小例子呗。)
1 Who is to blame for starting the fire?谁应负责? be to blame(受责备,对某坏事负责任,有将来时的味道)
2I think Tom should be blamed rather than you .我认为受责备的应该是汤姆而不是你。
he was in no way to blame.他不应该受到责备。
3A freak storm was to blame for the power outage. 停电的起因是一场特大暴风雪(起因是:是起因或某事的根源)
4The worker, _____for the accident, was sleeping when he was on duty. (C)
A. to blame;    B. being blamed;    C. blamed;    D. blaming
5. Judging from the evidence on spot, the truck driver _____for the accident. (A)
A. is to blame;    B. is blamed;    C. blames;    D. will be blamed
6The police blamed the traffic accident on Jack's careless driving. 警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克的粗心驾驶blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
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