谓语与非谓语
使用谓语的情况：句中没有谓语，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的词与已存在谓语主语一致，且中间有并列或转折连词时，需填的词则是谓语动词。时态考虑要瞻前顾后。在确定需要使用谓语动词时候，还需要注意谓语动词的时态，语态，主谓一致以及语气。
使用非谓语的情况：句子已有谓语，又不做并列谓语，该动词仍然需要表示动作，此时应该使用动词的非谓语形式。确定需要使用非谓语时首先要确定该非谓语在句子做何种成分，
非谓语做主语时候只能不定式或者ving形式，
非谓语做定语时：常用在名词或者代词后，其中不定式做定语有将来的意味，过去分词作定语表示该非谓语动词与前面被修饰的名词或者代词为动宾关系，并且此非谓语动词已经完成了。现在分词作定语表示该分词与前面被修饰的名词或者代词为主动关系，现在分词作定语表示主动和进行。
非谓语做宾语时，需要实记哪些动词后只能接不定式做宾语，哪些动词后只能接ving做宾语，哪些动词后2者都可接，但是意义不一样。
非谓语做状语时，不定式表示目的，可放在句子前面，也可放在句子后面，不需要与句子隔开。过去分词作状语表示该分词与句子主语为动宾关系，现在分词作状语时。表示该分词与句子主语为主动关系
1.The first card ____________(design) by J.C.Horsley as a commercial endeavor. designed
2.Smaller cars are just one of the directions that the car industry is taking. Also the industry
_____is producing_________(produce) cars that pollute less and have a less harmful effect on the environment these days
3.Nobody knows what ________weigh的用法would have happened_____________(happen) if she had refused to pay.
4.His fear of failure kept him from classroom games that other children ___were playing_______(play) with joyous abandon.
5.……The happiest of people don’t necessarily have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that __comes_____(come) along their way.
6.…….The country life he was used to ________has changed____ （change ）greatly since the opening policy.
7.While most young people are happy overall with the way their lives_____are going__(go),there are still racial differences.
8.When I think back to many positive influence on my childhood, I recognize that some of the greatest gifts I __have received__  (receive) are the lessons I collected from the older people in my life.
9.An experienced driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it __helps_  (help) if drivers learn to correctly join in traffic jam.
10.But she knew most of them ____had drawn____ (draw)  pictures of turkeys or tables with food
11.For some, practical skills are the essence of education, and therefore, courses on computer science, marketing and finance__is preferred____(prefer
12.It is impossible that he will never again in his life__be given__(give) so much without doing something in return
13.The international agreement, intended to encourage children not to smoke and______help_____  (help) people kick the habit, ____were signed______  (sign) on February 27 last summer.
14.14.He walked in as if he ___had bought_ (buy) the school. And he word quickly got around that he was from New York
16.___Taken_____(take) in time and in proper amount, the pill is quite effective.
15.We can cut down energy ____consumed_____ (consume) in the automobile industry by means of improving the technology.
16.I’ll have my laptop____repaired_______ (repair) tomorrow at the authorized service centre.
17.This topic is so complicated that I can’t make you _________understand__________(understand) me.
18.I have to simplify this complicated problem to make myself ______understood___________(understand)
19.She devoted herself to her work. What’s more, she_____improved________(improve)herself by_____attending______(attend) courses in an open university. Finally, her efforts_____paid off_______(pay off) and she got a better paying job.
20.The issue _____being discussed_______(discuss) now at the meeting is of great import
ance.
21.The issue ______discussed______(discuss) at the meeting last week is of great importance.
22.The office lady had her purse_____stolen_____(steal) when __taking_____(take) the subway back to her apartment.
23.______Faced___(face) with the traffic jams and serious pollution, we recently have a heated discussion in our class.
24.Missing the bus means_____waiting_______(wait) for another hour.
25.It is the greatest happiness in this world __to love_______(love )and to be____loved_____(love)
26. ___Judging__________(judge) from his_____excited________(excite) face, he enjoyed himself at the party.
27.All of us were _____puzzled_____(puzzle) by the ____puzzling_______ (puzzle)question ______raised_____(raise) by a six-year-old boy.
28.Wise men say ___cultivating_______(cultivate) friendship is just like ____planting______(plant) trees.
29.After a rest, we went on ___doing____(do) the same problems.
30.I smell something_______burning___(burn) in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute?
二、语篇填空 用所给动词的适当形式填空。
Freud was one of the first scientists [1]_______（make）serious research of the mind. The mind is the collection of activities [2]________（base） in the brain that involve how we act, think, feel and reason. He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams [3]___________（search） for the causes of mental and emotional problems. He also tried hypnosis(催眠). He wanted to see if [4]________（put）patients into a sleep-like condition
would help ease [5]________（trouble） minds. In most cases he found the effects only temporary.

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