第五讲 时态
姓名：_______ 分数：________
知识点一、一般现在时
（一）、要点提示
一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，但是当主语是第三人称单数或者单数名词时，动词的形式要发生变化，其变化规律是：1. 一般动词后加-s, 如：wears, reads, plays, likes, 2.以s, x, ch, sh结尾，后加-es, 如：watches, brushes, 3.以辅音字母+o结尾，一般加-es, 如：goes, does, 4.辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i，再加-es, 如：worries, carries. Be动词一般现在时的特殊形态是：am, is, are。Have的第三人称单数是has。
（二）、用法指南
一般现在时的用法
1) 表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
时间状语：always总是, often经常,usually通常, seldom很少, never从不, sometimes有时（以上频度副词位置放于行为动词之前）, every…每…（放于句首或者句末均可）
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
It often snows here.
2) 表示现在的状态、特征、能力、性格等。
I know him very well.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
3) 表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
2) 表示现在的状态、特征、能力、性格等。
I know him very well.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
3) 表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。
4) 表示客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
4) 表示客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
（三）、 一般现在时态的肯定形式，否定形式及疑问形式
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
（三）、 一般现在时态的肯定形式，否定形式及疑问形式
肯定形式是用动词原形，be动词用am, is, are, 注：动词的第三人称单数形式的变化；
否定形式是在be动词后加否定词not(缩写成isn’t, aren’t, am与not不能缩写),或者添加助动词do/does加not再加动词原形(缩写成don’t/doesn’t).
疑问形式是把be动词或助动词do/does提置句首, 动词还原，句末问号，人称上第一人称变第二人称，第二人称变第一人称，第三人称不变。
知识点二、一般将来时
（一）、要点提示
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用（tomorrow, tomorrow morning, next week (year, term…), in (two days…), soon, the day after tomorrow等。
（二）、用法指南
一般将来时的结构及用法
1) shall/will + 动词原形， shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替，will 用于各人称，表示未来的事实或对将来的预测。
Which paragraph shall I read first.？
Will you be at home at seven this evening?
Which paragraph shall I read first.？
Will you be at home at seven this evening?
Students will use computers to learn.
2) be going to +动词原形，表示打算，计划要做的事或根据有把握的判断要发生的事。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow?
b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
The play is going to be produced next month。
c. 有迹象要发生的事
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
3) be to +动词原形，表示已作出的决定，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
4) be about to +动词原形，表示即刻，马上要发生的动作。
2) be going to +动词原形，表示打算，计划要做的事或根据有把握的判断要发生的事。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow?
b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
The play is going to be produced next month。
c. 有迹象要发生的事
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
3) be to +动词原形，表示已作出的决定，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
4) be about to +动词原形，表示即刻，马上要发生的动作。
He is about to leave for Beijing.
注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。Be 动词的形式与主语保持一直。
（三) 、某些将来时结构在用法上的区别
注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。Be 动词的形式与主语保持一直。
（三) 、某些将来时结构在用法上的区别
1）be going to 和 will
用于条件句时，be going to 表将来； will 表意愿
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
2）be to和be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事；be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)
（四）、一般将来时的肯定形式，否定形式及疑问形式
肯定形式正常语序，否定形式在be动词或will/shall后加not，疑问形式把be动词或shall/will提置句首。
知识点三、一般过去时
（一）、要点提示
一般过去时是表示在过去的时间里发生的动作，动词用过去式（即动词-ed形式）,动词过去式的变化规律：1 一般动词词尾加-ed, 如：walked, looked, finished, 2 以字母e结尾的动词后加-d，如：lived, decided, noticed, 3 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed，如：hurried, carried, 4 以元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed, 如：stopped, stepped。以上是规则变化，还有一些动词的过去式是不规则变化，如：do—did, have—had, be—was/were, swim—swam等，参见初一下英语书后不规则动词表。
（二）、用法指南
一般过去时的用法
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有：yesterday, last (week, nighr, year…), (an hour…) ago, in 1982, just now等。
Where did you go just now?
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
3）句型：
. It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
. would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
I'd rather you came tomorrow.
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
时间状语有：yesterday, last (week, nighr, year…), (an hour…) ago, in 1982, just now等。
Where did you go just now?
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
3）句型：
. It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
. would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
I'd rather you came tomorrow.
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
（三）、一般过去时的一些特殊用法
（三）、一般过去时的一些特殊用法
1．比较：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
Christine was an invalid all her life. (含义：她已不在人间。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life. (含义：她现在还活着)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Christine was an invalid all her life. (含义：她已不在人间。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life. (含义：她现在还活着)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
2. 注意： 用过去时态表示现在含义，表示委婉语气。
1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
Did you want anything else?
I wondered if you could help me.
2）情态动词 could, would.
Cou ld you lend me your bike?
2. 注意： 用过去时态表示现在含义，表示委婉语气。
1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
Did you want anything else?
I wondered if you could help me.
2）情态动词 could, would.
Cou ld you lend me your bike?
（四）、一般过去时的肯定形式动词用过去式，否定形式用did+not+动词原形（did not缩写成didn’t），疑问形式用Did +主语+动词原形+…？
知识点四、现在进行时
（一）、要点提示
现在进行时的结构：be (am, is, are) + 现在分词（即动词-ing形式）。动词现在分词的变化规律：1. 一般情况下，动词后直接加-ing，如：working, buying, visiting, 2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，然后再加-ing, 如：taking, having, leaving, 3. 以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母，然后加-ing，如：stopping, running, swimming, 4. 特殊变化，如：lie—lying.
（二）、用法指南
现在进行时的基本用法：
1） 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在进行或发生的动作。
We are waiting for you.
1） 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在进行或发生的动作。
We are waiting for you.
2） 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。
Mr. Green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
3） 表示weigh的用法渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
The leaves are turning red.
It's getting warmer and warmer.
4） 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观彩。
You are always changing your mind.
（三）、 不用进行时的动词
1) 事实状态的动词
have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。
I have two brothers.
This house belongs to my sister.
Mr. Green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
3） 表示weigh的用法渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
The leaves are turning red.
It's getting warmer and warmer.
4） 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观彩。
You are always changing your mind.
（三）、 不用进行时的动词
1) 事实状态的动词
have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。
I have two brothers.
This house belongs to my sister.
2) 心理状态的动词
know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。
I need your help. He loves her very much.
3 ) 瞬间动词
accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。
I accept your advice.
4) 系动词
seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。
You seem a little tired.
know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。
I need your help. He loves her very much.
3 ) 瞬间动词
accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。
I accept your advice.
4) 系动词
seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。
You seem a little tired.
版权声明：本站内容均来自互联网，仅供演示用，请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系QQ:729038198，我们将在24小时内删除。
发表评论