考点五十一 使役动词
英语中具有使役意义的动词较多,跟人们常常说的使役动词不是一个概念。通常我们说使役动词,指的是make, have, let这三个动词,它们在后接不定式作宾语补足语时要省去不定式符号to。但具有使役意义的动词数量上远不止这些,用法也较灵活。
一 使役动词have, let, make (常用于复合结构)
1. have的用法
1)have +宾语+do(省略to的不定式):表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系。
The rich lady had the singer eat with her servants.
这位富有的女士让这位歌手和她的仆人一起吃饭。
I will have him come and help you. 我会让他来帮助你的。
2)have+宾语+现在分词:表示让某人或物连续进行某动作或处于某状态中,宾语和宾补是一种主动关系。
The two cheats had the lights burning all night long. 这两个骗子让灯整晚亮着。
He had us waiting for him three hours yesterday. 昨天他让我们一直等了他三个小时。
I have them all talking to each other in English. 我鼓励他们用英语交谈。
I have them all talking to each other in English. 我鼓励他们用英语交谈。
3)have +宾语+过去分词:表示主语的主观意志,即主语让别人为自己完成某事,宾语和宾补是动宾关系,还可以表示主语遭受到来利或不测的事。
Tom said he had had his TV set repaired. 汤姆修了他的电视机。(别人修的)
Tom had his wallet stolen on the bus yesterday. 昨天汤姆使他的钱包被偷了。(别人偷的)
Tom had his wallet stolen on the bus yesterday. 昨天汤姆使他的钱包被偷了。(别人偷的)
4)have+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语作宾补
Please have your tickets ready. 请准备好你的票。
The Emperor had nothing on. 这位皇帝什么都没在做。
I am sure I’ll have him in the argument.
I am sure I’ll have him in the argument.
weigh的用法 2. let的用法
1)let +宾语+do(省to不定式):表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系。
Let them stay in the classroom and do their exercises themselves.
让他们自己待在教室里做练习吧。
Let AB be equal to CD. 假设AB等于CD.
Let AB be equal to CD. 假设AB等于CD.
2)let+宾语+副词/介词短语作宾补
Let me in and let them out. 让我进来,让他们出去。
Who let you into the building? 谁让你进到大楼里来的?
Let me in and let them out. 让我进来,让他们出去。
Who let you into the building? 谁让你进到大楼里来的?
3. make的用法
1)make +宾语+do(省to不定式):表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系。此结构常用被动结构。
The teacher made the naughty boy stand there for an hour.
老师让这个调皮的男孩在那里站了一个小时。
The naughty boy was made to stand there for an hour.这个调皮的男孩被让在那站了一个小时。
The naughty boy was made to stand there for an hour.这个调皮的男孩被让在那站了一个小时。
2)make+宾语+过去分词,此结构中的宾语指人时常用到反身代词。
He raised his voice to make himself heard. 他提高嗓音让自己被听到。
They will make an important plan known to the public soon.
He raised his voice to make himself heard. 他提高嗓音让自己被听到。
They will make an important plan known to the public soon.
他们不久就会让公众知道这个计划。
3)make+宾语+形容词,宾语亦可是从句。
The news made her happy. 这个消息使她快乐。
He made it clear that he objected to the proposal. 他明确表明他反对这个建议。
He made it clear that he objected to the proposal. 他明确表明他反对这个建议。
二 半使役动词
1. 常见的半使役动词
amaze(使某人感到惊呀), astonish(使某人感到惊奇), bore(使某人感到厌倦),
complicate(使某人感到复杂), confuse(使某人感到迷惑), disappoint (使某人感到失望),
delight(使某人感到高兴), discourage(使某人感到气馁),distinguish(使某人感到显著),
delight(使某人感到高兴), discourage(使某人感到气馁),distinguish(使某人感到显著),
excite (使某人感到兴奋), encourage(使某人感到鼓舞), exhaust (使某人感到疲倦),
frighten(使某人感到恐惧), interest (使某人感到有趣), inspire(使某人感到刺激),
frighten(使某人感到恐惧), interest (使某人感到有趣), inspire(使某人感到刺激),
move(使某人感到激动), please(使某人感到高兴), puzzle(使某人感到不解),
satisfy(使某人感到满意), surprise(使某人感到惊异), shock(使某人感到震惊),
satisfy(使某人感到满意), surprise(使某人感到惊异), shock(使某人感到震惊),
strike (使某人感到震动), tire(使某人感到疲惫), upset (使某人感到迷惑不解),等等。
2. 半使役动词的主动式用法:something + vt. + somebody
The exam result satisfied his parents. 考试结果令他的父母很满意。
The boy’s behavior upset everybody around. 这个男孩的行为使周围的每个人都很沮丧。
3. 半使役动词有两个或三个派生形容词,一个加-ing,一个加-ed,有时还有一个加其他后缀构成。
如:interest----interesting, interested; astonish----astonishing, astonished;
please----pleasing, pleased, pleasant; satisfy----satisfying, satisfied, satisfactory.
please----pleasing, pleased, pleasant; satisfy----satisfying, satisfied, satisfactory.
4. 半使役动词的v-ing和v-ed两个分词形容词的用法也有规律,一般而言,作定语时,v-ing分词形容词修饰事物,v-ed分词形容词修饰人或者人的心理活动、表情等;作表语或宾语补足语时,v-ing分词形容词指事,v-ed分词形容词指人或拟人用法,而且作表语的v-ed分词后接事时常有一个介词,如:
The film we saw last night was very interesting. 我们昨天晚上看的电影非常有趣。
We were all interested in the film. 我们都对这部电影感兴趣。
The frightening hurricane made the girl very frightened. 令人恐惧的飓风使这个女孩感到害怕。
The teacher was satisfied with the answer of his students.这位老师对他学生们的回答感到满意。
The frightening hurricane made the girl very frightened. 令人恐惧的飓风使这个女孩感到害怕。
The teacher was satisfied with the answer of his students.这位老师对他学生们的回答感到满意。
1. 那两个人让等通宵亮着。
The two men had their lights _______________________________.
2. 老板让他们工作了一整夜。
They were made ________________ the whole night by the boss.
3. 我明天要去修自行车。
I will have my bike _____________________.
You should understand the math problem now. You have had it ________ three times.
A. explaining B. to explain C. explained D. explain
【答案】C
【解析】句意:你现在应该理解这道数学题了,你已经让人给你解释了三次了。这题需要孩子多思考,首先判断出you have had中第一个have是助动词(和后面的had构成现在完成时),接下来才能判断出这里考察的是使役动词have的用法,然后再去分析have后面的it指代是前面提到的math problem从而得出这里要用的是have sth done(某事让别人去做)的结构。
1. --Why are you so worried?
--I had my MP4 ___________ yesterday?
A. steal B. stole C. stealing D. stolen
【答案】B
【解析】句意:当你刷牙的时候不要让水一直流。此题考察的是使役动词have的用法。have sth doing 意思是“让某事一直处于某种状态”。此处用running符合句意。提示句: while you brush your teeth.
2. --Good morning. Can I help you?
--I’d like to have this package _____________, madam.
A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed
【答案】D
【解析】句意:--早上好!有什么能帮助您的?--我想把这个包裹称一下重量,女士。此题考察
的是使役动词 have的用法。根据 have后面的名词package(包裹)可推断出这里要用的是have sth. done(某事让别人做)的结构,此处的weighed已经有被动的含义,所以不需要再用be动词了,孩子们很容易选成A,一定要记清楚这个结构。
3.国王人把那个贼吊死了。
The king had the thief ____________________.
【答案】:hanged
【解析】此题考查的是使役动词have的用法。Have sb done 让某人被做某事,某人做某事
一 单项选择填空
1. Don’t have the water _______ while you brush your teeth.
A. run B. running C. being run D. to run
2. The captain got the soldiers __________ toward the front after a short rest.
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