动词语态
一、定义与用法
英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由“助动词be + 过去分词”构成。如：
Everybody respects him. 大家都尊敬他。（主动语态）
He is respected by everybody. 他受到大家的尊敬。（被动语态）
Everybody respects him. 大家都尊敬他。（主动语态）
He is respected by everybody. 他受到大家的尊敬。（被动语态）
二、基本吋态的被动语态
1. 一般现在时的被动语态：am (is, are) + 过去分词
2. 一般过去时的被动语态：was (were) + 过去分词
3. 一般将来时的被动语态：will be + 过去分词
4. 过去将来时的被动语态：would be + 过去分词
5. 现在进行时的被动语态：am (is, are) being + 过去分词
6. 过去进行时的被动语态：was (were) being + 过去分词
7. 现在完成时的被动语态：has (have) been + 过去分词
8. 过去完成时的被动语态：had been + 过去分词
三、含情态动词的被动语态
1. 其结构为“情态动词 + be + 过去分词”。如：
This can't be done in a short time. 这不是短期内可以完成的。
This needn't be mentioned in the letter. 这在信中不必提及。
This needn't be mentioned in the letter. 这在信中不必提及。
2. 情态动词后的动词可以用完成式。如：
Can this have been done by a child? 这能是一个孩子做的事吗？
The door must have been locked by Jim. 门一定是被吉姆锁上的。
The door must have been locked by Jim. 门一定是被吉姆锁上的。
四、主动表被动的若干情形
1. 连系动词（如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等）要用主动表被动，因为连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。如：
The building looks very beautiful. 这栋楼看上去很漂亮。
Your idea proved to be wrong. 你的想法证实是错的。
Your idea proved to be wrong. 你的想法证实是错的。
2. 当open, close, shut, lock, move, read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。如：
The door won't shut. 这门关不上。
The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。
The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。
3. 有的动词本身含有被动意味，通常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如：
Her coat caught on the nail. 她的大衣被钉子钩住了。
Her eyes filled with tears. 她眼里充满了泪水。
Her eyes filled with tears. 她眼里充满了泪水。
4. 不定式to blame, to let用作表语时，通常要用主动表被动。如：
Who is to blame? 该怪谁呢？
The house is to let. 此房出租。
The house is to let. 此房出租。
5. 某些“be + 形容词 + todo”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。如：
The book is difficult to understand. 这书很难懂。
The music isn't pleasant to listen to. 这音乐不好听。
The picture is interesting to look at. 这幅画看起来挺有趣的。
注：这类结构的特点是句子主语就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，按理说其中的不定式要用被动形式，但习惯上却要用主动表被动。这类形容词常见的有convenient，dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant'safe, tough, tricky, unpleasant等。
The music isn't pleasant to listen to. 这音乐不好听。
The picture is interesting to look at. 这幅画看起来挺有趣的。
注：这类结构的特点是句子主语就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，按理说其中的不定式要用被动形式，但习惯上却要用主动表被动。这类形容词常见的有convenient，dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant'safe, tough, tricky, unpleasant等。
6. 不定式用于某些动词（如have, have got, get, want, need等）的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。如：
Do you have time to help us? 你有时间帮助我们吗？
I have some clothes to wash. 我有一些衣服要洗。
I have some clothes to wash. 我有一些衣服要洗。
I want something to drink. 我想喝点什么。
注：若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式，比较：
I have something to type. 我有些东西要打（字）。（指自己打字）
I have something to be typed. 我有些东西要打（字）。（指请人打字）
注：若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式，比较：
I have something to type. 我有些东西要打（字）。（指自己打字）
I have something to be typed. 我有些东西要打（字）。（指请人打字）
7. 在 to do sth和……enough to do sth这两个结构中，若句子主语与其后不定式to do sth为被动关系，则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义（有时也可直接用被动式）。如：
The writing is too faint to read. 这笔迹太模糊，看不清。
These boxes are not strong enough to use [be used] as platforms. 这些箱子不够牢，不能用作站台。
These boxes are not strong enough to use [be used] as platforms. 这些箱子不够牢，不能用作站台。
8. be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动。如：
This movie is worth seeing. 这部影片值得一看。
She's not worth getting angry with. 不着跟她生气。
注：与worth相似的worthy却不一样，其后不接动名词而接不定式（若接动名词则其前应有介
She's not worth getting angry with. 不着跟她生气。
注：与worth相似的worthy却不一样，其后不接动名词而接不定式（若接动名词则其前应有介
词of）, 且要用被动式表示被动含义。如：
This book is worthy to be read [of being read]. 这本书值得一读。
This book is worthy to be read [of being read]. 这本书值得一读。
9. 在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义。如：
The house needs cleaning. 房子需要打扫了。
These children require looking after. 这些孩子需要照看。
This wall requires repairing. 这面墙需要修整了。
注：该结构中的动名词若改用不定式则要用被动式表被动。如：
The house needs to be cleaned. 房子需要打扫了。
These children require to be looked after. 这些孩子需要照看。
These children require looking after. 这些孩子需要照看。
This wall requires repairing. 这面墙需要修整了。
注：该结构中的动名词若改用不定式则要用被动式表被动。如：
The house needs to be cleaned. 房子需要打扫了。
These children require to be looked after. 这些孩子需要照看。
经典动词语态练习题
1. ----Where is your money?
----My money was_______.
----My money was_______.
A. robbed B. lost C. not here no more D. stolen
2. The washing machine _______by the engineer right now.
A. repaired B. is being repaired
C. is repaired D. is going to be repaired
3. Shortly afterwards, I noticed to my satisfaction that their work _______.
A. was been improved B. was being improved
C. had being improved D. would be improved
4. They believed that by using computers the production of their factory_____.
A. will greatly increase B. would greatly increase
C. has greatly increased D. would be greatly increased
5. The Anti-Japanese War _______in 1937.
A. was broken out B. broke out C. was broken D. was happened
6. "Don``t be worried.The doctor_______".
A. has sent for B. was sent for C. will send for D. has been sent for
7. Motors _______by electricity.
2. The washing machine _______by the engineer right now.
A. repaired B. is being repaired
C. is repaired D. is going to be repaired
3. Shortly afterwards, I noticed to my satisfaction that their work _______.
A. was been improved B. was being improved
C. had being improved D. would be improved
4. They believed that by using computers the production of their factory_____.
A. will greatly increase B. would greatly increase
C. has greatly increased D. would be greatly increased
5. The Anti-Japanese War _______in 1937.
A. was broken out B. broke out C. was broken D. was happened
6. "Don``t be worried.The doctor_______".
A. has sent for B. was sent for C. will send for D. has been sent for
7. Motors _______by electricity.
A. make to run B. are made run C. were made running D. are made to run
8. Because of the patient``s health,_______.
A. he was advised by the doctor to lose weight
B. losing weight was advised him by doctor
C. the doctor``s advice was to him losing weight
D. lose weight was what the doctor advised
9. This hospital _______in three months.
A. is completed B. had been completed
C. will be completed D. will complete.
10. All the farmers were made ______from morning till night by the landlord.
A. to work B. work C. working D. worked
11. One``s success cannot always _______in terms of money.
A. being measured B. to measure C. to be measured D. be measured
12. The exhibition is worthy _______again.
A. to see B. of seeing C. of being seen D. seeing
8. Because of the patient``s health,_______.
A. he was advised by the doctor to lose weight
B. losing weight was advised him by doctor
C. the doctor``s advice was to him losing weight
D. lose weight was what the doctor advised
9. This hospital _______in three months.
A. is completed B. had been completed
C. will be completed D. will complete.
10. All the farmers were made ______from morning till night by the landlord.
A. to work B. work C. working D. worked
11. One``s success cannot always _______in terms of money.
A. being measured B. to measure C. to be measured D. be measured
12. The exhibition is worthy _______again.
A. to see B. of seeing C. of being seen D. seeing
13. As the time went on, his theory_______ to be true.
A. proved B. is proved C. is to prove D. was proved
14. The leather jacket _______at a high price last winter.
A. sold B. was sold C. has been sold D. had sold
15. ----How are things getting on?
----All that can be done_______.
A. has been done B. have been done C. has done D. have done
16. It is said that the library_______80 years ago.
A. has set up B. was built up C. had been set up D. was set up
17. The first fire _______by lightening.
A. can``t have caused B. may have been caused
C. should be caused D. ought to have caused
18. It is said that the cinema can_______1,500 people.
A. seat B. be seated C. costs D. takes
19. ----Why are you staying so late at school?
A. proved B. is proved C. is to prove D. was proved
14. The leather jacket _______at a high price last winter.
A. sold B. was sold C. has been sold D. had sold
15. ----How are things getting on?
----All that can be done_______.
A. has been done B. have been done C. has done D. have done
16. It is said that the library_______80 years ago.
A. has set up B. was built up C. had been set up D. was set up
17. The first fire _______by lightening.
A. can``t have caused B. may have been caused
C. should be caused D. ought to have caused
18. It is said that the cinema can_______1,500 people.
A. seat B. be seated C. costs D. takes
19. ----Why are you staying so late at school?
----Well, there is a lot of work that_______by tomorrow morning.
A. must being finished B. needs to be finished
C. must to be finished D. needs to finish
20. The baby is about_______and can``t_______by herself.
A. 10 months old; leave B. 10-month-old; be left
C. 10 months old; be left D. 10-month-old; leave
21. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _______.
A.be put up B.give in C.be turned on D.go out
22. ----__________ the sports meet might be put off. .
----Yes, it all depends on the weather.
A.I``ve been told B.I``ve told C.I``m told D.I told
23. I need one more stamp before my collection __________ .
A.has completed Bpletes C.has been completed D.is completed
24. ----Do you like the material?
----Yes, it __________ very soft.
A. must being finished B. needs to be finished
C. must to be finished D. needs to finish
20. The baby is about_______and can``t_______by herself.
A. 10 months old; leave B. 10-month-old; be left
C. 10 months old; be left D. 10-month-old; leave
21. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _______.
A.be put up B.give in C.be turned on D.go out
22. ----__________ the sports meet might be put off. .
----Yes, it all depends on the weather.
A.I``ve been told B.I``ve told C.I``m told D.I told
23. I need one more stamp before my collection __________ .
A.has completed Bpletes C.has been completed D.is completed
24. ----Do you like the material?
----Yes, it __________ very soft.
A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt
25. In some parts of the world, tea __________ with milk and sugar.
A.is serving B.is served C.serves D.served
26. If city noises _______ from increasing, people _______shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.
A.are not kept; will have to B.are not kept; have to
C.do not keep; will have to D.do not keep; have to
27. ----Have you moved into the new house?
----Not yet, the rooms _______.
A.are being painted B.are painting
C.are painted D.are being painting
28. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _______ .
A.be put up B.give in C.be turned on D.go out
29.Doctors in every part of the world.
A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need
25. In some parts of the world, tea __________ with milk and sugar.
A.is serving B.is served C.serves D.served
26. If city noises _______ from increasing, people _______shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.
A.are not kept; will have to B.are not kept; have to
C.do not keep; will have to D.do not keep; have to
27. ----Have you moved into the new house?
----Not yet, the rooms _______.
A.are being painted B.are painting
C.are painted D.are being painting
28. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _______ .
A.be put up B.give in C.be turned on D.go out
29.Doctors in every part of the world.
A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need
30. An exhibition of paintings at the museum next week.
A. are to be held B. is to be held
C. are holing D. will hold
31. I am sorry, sir.Your recorder isn``t ready yet.It in the factory.
A. is being repaired B. is repaired
C. has been repaired D. hasn``t repaired
32. —We want to sit at the table near the window.
—I am sorry, but it already.
A. has been taken B. took
C. was taken D. had been taken
33. Those streams are so small that they .
A. can``t show in the maps B. can``t show on the maps
C. can``t be shown in the maps D. can``t be shown on the maps.
34．Every possible means , but none proves successful.
A. has tried B. has been tried C. is being tried D. tried
A. are to be held B. is to be held
C. are holing D. will hold
31. I am sorry, sir.Your recorder isn``t ready yet.It in the factory.
A. is being repaired B. is repaired
C. has been repaired D. hasn``t repaired
32. —We want to sit at the table near the window.
—I am sorry, but it already.
A. has been taken B. took
C. was taken D. had been taken
33. Those streams are so small that they .
A. can``t show in the maps B. can``t show on the maps
C. can``t be shown in the maps D. can``t be shown on the maps.
34．Every possible means , but none proves successful.
A. has tried B. has been tried C. is being tried D. tried
35. The water will be seriously polluted unless some measures_________.
A. will be taken B. are taken C. were taken D. had been taken
36. ---Would you like to go to Shanghai?
---Yes. In the last ten years,great changes______in Shanghai.
A. has taken place B. have happened
C. have taken place D. have been taken placeweight的所有形式
37. The desk_______smooth.
A. feels to be B. is felt C. is felt to be D. feels
38. This kind of cloth_______well and_______long.
A. is washed;lasts B. washes;lasts
C. washes;is lasted D. is washed;lasted
39. In the hot days fruit and meat________long.
A. can’t be kept B. are not kept
C. don’t keep D. are not keeping
40. Which of his books do you think________best among the best-sellers?
A. will be taken B. are taken C. were taken D. had been taken
36. ---Would you like to go to Shanghai?
---Yes. In the last ten years,great changes______in Shanghai.
A. has taken place B. have happened
C. have taken place D. have been taken placeweight的所有形式
37. The desk_______smooth.
A. feels to be B. is felt C. is felt to be D. feels
38. This kind of cloth_______well and_______long.
A. is washed;lasts B. washes;lasts
C. washes;is lasted D. is washed;lasted
39. In the hot days fruit and meat________long.
A. can’t be kept B. are not kept
C. don’t keep D. are not keeping
40. Which of his books do you think________best among the best-sellers?
A. sells B. is sold C. are written D. writes
41. The girl is easy________along with.
A. to be got B. get C. to get D. getting
42. The question asked by him is hard_________.
A. to be answered B. to answer C. to be answering D. for answer
43. ---What does it cost to telephone your family in New York?
---It is too expensive________.
A. to be thinking of B. even to think of
C. even to consider it D. to consider to do it
44. The story was not interesting enough________.
A. to be publishing B. to publish C. publish D. published
45. Who do you________tell us_______?
A. that can think;how to do it B. can think;what to do
C. can;what to do it D. think can;what to do
46. ---What do you expect me to do?
41. The girl is easy________along with.
A. to be got B. get C. to get D. getting
42. The question asked by him is hard_________.
A. to be answered B. to answer C. to be answering D. for answer
43. ---What does it cost to telephone your family in New York?
---It is too expensive________.
A. to be thinking of B. even to think of
C. even to consider it D. to consider to do it
44. The story was not interesting enough________.
A. to be publishing B. to publish C. publish D. published
45. Who do you________tell us_______?
A. that can think;how to do it B. can think;what to do
C. can;what to do it D. think can;what to do
46. ---What do you expect me to do?
---The house needs________.
A. painting B. painted C. being painted D. be painted
47. You’d better go to bed. There isn’t anything on TV worth________up for.
A. getting B. staying C. rising D. waiting
48. For the whole period of two months, there no rain.Now the crops are going to die.
A. is B. will be C. has been D. have been
49. There are six letters_________.
A. to writing B. to be written C. to be writing D. to write
50. Nobody was_______for the accident.
A. to blame B. blaming C. blamed D. to be blaming
51. As we joined the big crowd I got______from my friends.
A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed
52. His father got______after the doctor used a new treatment.
A. cured B. to cure C. curing D. to be cured
53. ---How did the window______?
A. painting B. painted C. being painted D. be painted
47. You’d better go to bed. There isn’t anything on TV worth________up for.
A. getting B. staying C. rising D. waiting
48. For the whole period of two months, there no rain.Now the crops are going to die.
A. is B. will be C. has been D. have been
49. There are six letters_________.
A. to writing B. to be written C. to be writing D. to write
50. Nobody was_______for the accident.
A. to blame B. blaming C. blamed D. to be blaming
51. As we joined the big crowd I got______from my friends.
A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed
52. His father got______after the doctor used a new treatment.
A. cured B. to cure C. curing D. to be cured
53. ---How did the window______?
---No one knows.
A. be broken B. broke C. was broken D. get broken
54. The girl_______in the accident yesterday.
A. hurt B. is hurt C. got hurt D. turns hurt
55. The picture of hers_______to me yesterday.
A. got showed B. showed C. was shown D. was getting shown
56.The telephone had been ringing for five minutes before it .
A. answered B. has answered
C. was answering D. was answered
57.My sister wants to work in a hospital which still .
A. is; building B. has ;been built
C. is; being built D. is; to be built
58. The work that before building a bridge is to made a good design.
A. must do B. must done C. must be done D. did
59. He for what he has done.
A. be broken B. broke C. was broken D. get broken
54. The girl_______in the accident yesterday.
A. hurt B. is hurt C. got hurt D. turns hurt
55. The picture of hers_______to me yesterday.
A. got showed B. showed C. was shown D. was getting shown
56.The telephone had been ringing for five minutes before it .
A. answered B. has answered
C. was answering D. was answered
57.My sister wants to work in a hospital which still .
A. is; building B. has ;been built
C. is; being built D. is; to be built
58. The work that before building a bridge is to made a good design.
A. must do B. must done C. must be done D. did
59. He for what he has done.
A. will punished B. will be punishing
C. is to be punishing D. is to be punished
60. He insisted on to work where conditions were poor.
A. sending B. being sent C. to send D. to be sent
61. The children in the nursery.
A. are taking good care of B. are taking good care
C. are taken good care of D. are taken good care
62. What he said is hard .
A. to believe B. to be believed
C. to be believing D. for believe
63. How sweet the music !
A. sounds to be B. is sounded C. is sounding D. sounds
64. In warm weather fruit and meat long.
A. don``t keep B. can``t be kept
C. are not kept D. are not keeping
C. is to be punishing D. is to be punished
60. He insisted on to work where conditions were poor.
A. sending B. being sent C. to send D. to be sent
61. The children in the nursery.
A. are taking good care of B. are taking good care
C. are taken good care of D. are taken good care
62. What he said is hard .
A. to believe B. to be believed
C. to be believing D. for believe
63. How sweet the music !
A. sounds to be B. is sounded C. is sounding D. sounds
64. In warm weather fruit and meat long.
A. don``t keep B. can``t be kept
C. are not kept D. are not keeping
65. I received a telegram :"Mother sick. "
A. written B. said C. reading D. writing
66. The classroom 25 feet long.
A. was measured B. is measured
C.measures D. has
67. John is known all the students.
A. to B. by C. with D. of
68. I hope you with the dress I sent you last week.
A. are pleased B. are to please
C. will please D. would please
69. The teacher could not make himself attention to because the students were so noisy.
A. pay B. paid C. to pay D. to be paid
70. The pencil well.
A. writes B. is written C. was written D. writing
A. written B. said C. reading D. writing
66. The classroom 25 feet long.
A. was measured B. is measured
C.measures D. has
67. John is known all the students.
A. to B. by C. with D. of
68. I hope you with the dress I sent you last week.
A. are pleased B. are to please
C. will please D. would please
69. The teacher could not make himself attention to because the students were so noisy.
A. pay B. paid C. to pay D. to be paid
70. The pencil well.
A. writes B. is written C. was written D. writing
练习题2
Ⅰ .单项选择
( )1 .The medicine in a dry and cool place .
A .keep B .must keep C .must be kept D .must be keep
( )2 .A talk on Chinese history in the school hall next week .
A .is given B .has been given C .will be given D .will give
( )3 .Today ,the forests have almost gone .People must down too many trees . A .stop to out B .stop from cutting
C .be stopped to cut D . be stopped from cutting
( )4 .About 500 cars in the factory next month .
A .were produced B .will produceC .have been produced D .will be produced
( )5 .The key for locking the classroom door .
A .uses B .is used C .is using D .use
( )6 .A new school over there in two years .
A .may build B .may be built C .is built
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