“可数名词与不可数名词”讲义稿
一、核心讲解
一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别
类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk,
等）。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词（表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等）和抽象名词（表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等）。
二、关于可数名词
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：
1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如：book → books room → rooms house → houses day → days
2. 以s, ch, sh, x 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 。如：bus → buses glass → glasses watch → watches dish → dishes box → boxes
3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es。如：city → cities body → bodies factory → factories等等。
4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如：half → halves leaf → leaves knife → kni ves wife → wives self-----selves wolf------wolves shelf------shelves thief------thieves life------lives 有些词虽然也是以-f结尾，但复数形式却是直接加-s。如：gulf,roof,chief,serf,belief,proof,han dkerchief。编成口诀联想：海湾边、屋顶上，首领农仆相望；谁说他们无信仰，语气定在手帕上
5. 有生命的以o结尾的名词变复数时，词尾加es，凡无生命的以o结尾的名词变复数时，词尾加s。
有生命：potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes,hero-heroes,Negro--Negroes
如无生命：zoo-zoos,radio-radios,photo-photos,piano-pianos,zero-zeros,bamboo（竹竿）--bamboos,tobacco（烟丝）--tobaccos）
2）两人两菜一火山。（+es）小学-中学课本中以o结尾的名词构成复数时，加es的只有Negro（黑人），hero（英雄），potato（土豆），tomato（西红杮），volcano（火山），这就是“两人两菜一火
山”。或：黑人和英雄吃土豆和西红柿Negroes and heroes eat tomatoes and potatoes）
3）其余以o结尾的名词变复数时均加s。
图景：你在“zoo”里，看见一要“bamboo”，上面挂着一张“photo”，所照的是一架“piano”，上面放着一台“radio”。
zoo-zoos,bamboo-bamboos,photo-photos piano-pianos,radio-radios.
(2)不规则变化注意：千克的复数形式为kilos。如：I weight 52 kilos. 我的体重是52公斤。
Man,woman和其他名词构成的复合名词变复数时，Man/woman与它后面的名词一起变为复数形式
有些名词变复数时属于不规则变化，这种变化是通过改变单词中的某个字母或在词尾加后缀构成的。
1)改a为e型：man------men woman------women Englishwoman-------Englishwomen Frenchman-------Frenchmen policewoman------policewomen
2)改oo为ee型：foot------feet tooth------teeth goose------geese
3)在词尾加-ren。如：child------children  4)其他特殊变化。如：mouse-----mice
有一些名词则只有复数形式：scales 天平，trousers 裤子，pants 裤子，shorts 短裤, glasses 眼镜，compasses 圆规， pliers 钳子，clips 剪子
“某国人"的复数有三种类型：
（1)Chinese, Japanese, Swiss 三国人单数复数同形，不需加 s；
(2）Englishman, Frenchman, Dutchman 复数要把 man 变为 men；
（3）其他各国人以–an, -ian收尾的均直接加s。如：Germans, Americans, Australians, Indians 等。
1）“中、日、瑞”友好是一致。（2）“英、法”联盟a变e。3）其他一律加s
⑤ sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形
⑥people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；people的复数形式peoples通常指“多个民族”。
三、关于不可数名词
(1)不可数名词包括：
物质名称：食物：bread meat rice cheese fish beef 饮料：milk water cola coffee wine tea 自然物质：air soil sand wood
抽象名词：情感：love peace friendship joy happiness 概念：exercise knowledge energy population
学科：math geography physics chemistry
不可数名词一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an ，若要表示它的个体意义时，一般需要将其量化。
即可。如：
a piece of paper 一张纸 ten pieces of paper 十张纸 a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡 two cups of coffee 两杯咖啡
a piece of news 一条消息two pieces of news 两条消息  a drop of ink 一滴墨水three drops of ink三滴墨水 3、可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of 等来修饰，表示"一些，许多"
1)可数名词单数可用冠词a/an修饰，复数可用基数词及few，a few，many，等来修饰。
不可数名词不能直接用数词修饰，需用“基数词+计量词+of”结构，也可用little，a little，much来修饰。
可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of 等来修饰，表示"一些，许多"。
2)用how many询问可数名词数量的多少。用how much询问不可数名词数量的多少。
3)单个单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；多个单数名词或复数名词作主语，谓语动词要用复数。
不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。但当其前有“基数词+计量词+of”时，谓语动词依计量词而定。
典型例题
一，将下列的名词变成复数形式。
1.book ________________
2.duck ___________________
3.house _____________
5.class ___________________
6.box _________________
7.watch ___________________ 8.child ___________________ 9.city __________________
10.factory ___________________ 11.mouse ___________________12.family ___________________ 13.hero __________________14.potato ___________________ 15.tomato ___________________
16.photo ___________________ 17.piano ___________________ 18.knife ___________________
19.leaf ___________________20.life ___________________ 21.tooth __________________
22.sheep ___________________ 23.foot ___________________24.policeman ___________________ 25.man ___________________ 26.woman ___________________
二、课堂练习
( ) 1.I'm so hungry. Please give me ______ to eat
A. three bread    B three pieces of bread
C. three pieces of breads    D three piece of bread
( ) 2. Cici enjoys dancing. It's one of her  .
A. prize
B. prizes
C. hobby
D. hobbies
( ) 3. – Can I help you, sir?
-- I’d like to have 100 _____. I want my students to draw pictures.
A. piece of paper
B. pieces of paper
C. pieces of papers
( ) 4.Tony has many Chinese ______.
A. stamp
B. stamps
C. a stamp
( ) 5. There are many _______ at the foot of the hill.
A. cow
B. horse
C. sheep
( ) 6.The old man used to raise many _____ to make a living on the farm.
A duck
B horse
C bird
D sheep
( ) 7. — Could you please tell me something about the two_______?
— ____. They arc exchange students of No. 1 Middle School.
A. Frenchmen; Yes, please
B. Frenchmans; Come on
C. Germen; Not at all
D. Germans; All right
( ) 8.Could you please get me some_______? I’m hungry.
A. apple
B. water
C. bread
D. Egg
( ) 9.There isn't any ______in the fridge. We need to go shopping.
A. Oranges
B. Milk
C. eggs
( ) 10.—Mr. Smith always has _____ to tell us. —So he does.
A. some good pieces of news
B. some pieces of good news
C. some good piece of news
D. some piece of good news
( ) 11.There are two and three on the table.
A. apple; banana
B. apples; banana
C. apples; bananas
( ) 12.—Are there any _______ in the picture? —Yes, there are.
A. fish
B. pork
C. beef
( ) 13.Could you take _______ for these _______? They are very beautiful.
A. any photos; tomatos
B. some photos; tomatoes
C. some photos; tomatos
D. any photos; tomatoes
( ) 14.When I hurriedly got to the airport, the lady at the window told me that there were no ________ left on that plane.
A. places
B. seats
C. space
D. room
( ) 15.How many ________ do you want every week?
A. milk
B. water
C. apples
( ) 16.There are a lot of ________ in our school. They work very hard.
A. woman teachers
B. women teachers
C. womans teachers
( ) 17.They are from ________. They’re _______.
A. Germany; Germans
B. Germans; Germany
C. German; Germany
D. Germany; Germen
( ) 18.–Do you know how many_____ a horse has and how many ____ a bee has?
-
-Of course. I know.
A. teeth, feet
B. tooth, foot
C. foot, teeth
D. teeth, foot
( ) 19.My son got up late this morning. He only had _______ for breakfast.
A. two bread
B. two slice of bread
C. two slices of bread
D. two slices of breads
( ) 20.—How many teachers are there in your school? —them over two hundred.
C. woman; A number of; is
D. women; A number of; are
三、课后练习
一．选择填空。
( ) 1.They come from different ______________.
C.a country
( ) 2.How many ______________ do you see in the picture ?
D.the tomato
( ) 3.They are ______________.
A.woman teachers
B.women teachers
C.women teacher
D.woman teacher
( ) 4.would you like ______________, please?
A.two glass of water
B.two glasses of water
C.two glass of water
D.two glasses of waters
( )5.There are some ______________in these ______________.
weight什么时候用复数A.knifes encil-boxes
B.knives pencil-box
C.knives pencil-box
D.knives pencil-boxes
( ) 6. There_________ two slices of chicken on the table and there __________some relish on the slices.
A. is ; are
B. are ; is
C. is ; is
D. are ; are
( ) 7.Pour _________ yogurt into the glass, and then mix them up.
A. three
B. three teaspoon of
C. three teaspoons
D. three teaspoons of
( ) 8.Turkey i s delicious, but don’t eat too much of _________.
A. it
B. its
C. them
D. they
( ) 9.There are two ______ in the room.
A. Chineses
B. Englishman
C.Japanese
D.American
( )10.The deer has four ______
A. foot
B. feet
C. feets
D. foots
( )11.．Her two brothers are both ______.
A. policeman
B. policemans
C. policemen
D. policemens
( )12．There are four _____ and two ______ in the group.
A. Japanese, Germen
B. Japaneses, Germen
C. Japanese, Germans
( )13．Two ______ would come to the village.
A. woman-doctors
B. women doctor
C. women doctors
D. woman doctors ( )14.Can you see nine _____ in the picture?
A. sheep
B. dog
C. pig
D. horse
( )15．The _____ has two ______.
A. boys, watches
B. boy, watch
C. boy, watches
D. boys, watch
( )16.The boy often brushes his _____ before he goes to bed.
A. tooth
B. tooths
C. teeth
D. teeths
( )17．The Japanese ____ will not leave China until she finishes her study.
A. woman
B. women
C. man
D. men
( )18．There are lots of _____ in the basket on the table.
A. tomatos
B. tomato
C. tomatoes
D. tomatoss
( )19. The cat caught two ______ last night.
A. mouses
B. mice
C. mouse
D. mices
二、用所给名词的适当形式填空。
1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?
2. There is some________(food) in the basket.
3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.
4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.
5. There are five________(people ) in his family.
6. Let's take________(photo), OK?
7. I have lots of________(tomato) here.
8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.
9. The________(child) are playing games on the playground now.
10. Their________(dictionary) look new.
11. I see you have a few white________(hair).
12. They are________(woman) doctors.
13. Can you give me some bottles of ____ (orange), please?
14. There are many________(fox) in the picture
15. I would like some apple________(juice). I am very thirsty.

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