现在分词和过去分词的区别：
两种分词的区别很多，但它们之间的根本区别是：
1.语态上不同：
现在分词在语态上表示主动；而及物动词的过去分词表示被动。
2.时间关系上不同：
现在分词在时态上强调动作正在进行；过去分词在时态上强调动作已经完成
这种根本的区别具体体现在两种分词分别充当的各种句子成份中。细述如下：
一、分词作定语
共同点：分词作定语时，如果分词只是一个单词，那么，该分词就位于其所修饰的名词之前；如果是分词短语，那么，该短语就位于其所修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
不同点：分词作定语时，被分词所修饰的名词就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作
一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。
1. There was a terrible noise ____ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed
B. following
C. to be followed
D. being followed
简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，句子后半部分是一个作定语、修饰noise 的分词短语；再根据句意“一阵闪电之后，接着就是一声巨响。”可知，巨响应是主动，紧接在闪电之后的。因此，该题应选________?
2. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776 B. C., didn’t include women until 1912.
A. first playing
B. to be first played
C. first played
D. to be playing
简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分是一个作定语、修饰The Olympic Games 的后置分词短语；再根据The Olympic Games 对于动词play 来说只能是被动承受，且已完成(in 776 B. C.)。因此，该题应选_______?
3. What’s the language ____ in Germany?
A. speaking
B. spoken
C. be spoken
D. to speak
简析：测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句which is spoken; 因此答案是_________?
4. Most of the people ____ to the party were famous scientists.
A. invited
B. to invite
C. being invited
D. inviting
简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分是一个作定语; 再看people 和invite to the party 是被动关系，即被邀请来参加晚会的人，等于定语从句who were invited，因此答案应该是______?
5. Most of the artists ____ to the party were from South Africa.
A. invited
B. to invite
C. being invited
D. had been invited
6. The computer centre, ____ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
A. open
B. opening
C. having opened
D. opened
7. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written
B. to be written
C. being written
D. written
二、分词作表语
共同点：
现在分词和过去分词作表语时，都起着形容词的作用。
不同点：
现在分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作的一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。
1. This news sounds ____.
A. encouraging
B. encouraged
C. encourages
D. to encourage
2. -How did Bob do in the exams this time?
-Well, his father seems ____ with his results.
A. pleasing
B. please
C. pleased
D. to please
3. -How did the audience receive the new play?
-They got very ____.
A .excite    B. excited    C .excitedly    D .exciting
三、分词作宾语补足语
共同点：
分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就是该分词的逻辑主语。
两种分词在复合宾语中作宾语补足语时，都是对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。
不同点：
但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。
Eg:    1. The next morning she found the man ____ in bed, dead.
A. lying
B. lie
C. lay
D. laying
2. ----Good morning. Can I help you?
----I’d like to have the package ____, madam.
A. be weighed
B. to be weighed
C. to weigh
D. weighed
3. If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air ________ against your face.
A. moved
B. moving
C. moves
D. to move
四、分词作状语
共同点：
过去分词和现在分词作状语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。一般都在句子中作时间、原因、方式或伴随等状语。
不同点：
但现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生谓语动词之前发生。
Eg:
1. European football is played in 80 countries, ____ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making
B. makes
C. made
D. to make
简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分在整个句中应作状语；再根据European football 对于make 来说应是主动关系，即欧洲足球使之本身成为一项最受世人欢迎的运动。因此，该题应选_____?。
2.____ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving
B. Receiving not
C. Not having received
D. Having not received
3. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ____ that he had enjoyed his stay here.
A. having added
B. to add
C. adding
D. added
4. “Can’t you read?” Mary said ____ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing
B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed
D. and angrily pointing
简析：测试现在分词作伴随状语，通过副词angrily 进行干扰。Mary 和point 之间是主动关系，因此答案该题应选_______?
More practice:
1. _________ more attention, the tree could have grown better. (90’全国)
A. Given
B. To give
C. Giving
D. Having given.
2. The computer center, _________ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. (93’全国)
A. open
B. opening
C. having opened
D. opened
3. The first textbooks _________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th
century. (94’全国)
A. having written
B. to be written
C. being written
D. written
4. _________ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (96’全国)
A. Losing
B. Having lostweigh weight 区别
C. Lost
D. To lose
5. ______ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. (00’上海)
A. Being founded
B. It was founded
C. Founded
D. Founding
6. When _________, the museum will be open to the public next year. (02’上海春)
A. completed
B. completing
C. being completed
D. to be completed
7. Prices of daily goods _______ through a computer can be lower than store prices. (02’京皖春)
A. are bought
B. bought
C. been bought
D. buying
8. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _________only to people with specific knowledge.
(02’上海)
A. being known
B. having been known
C. to be known
D. known
9. Unless _________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (03’上海春)
A. invited
B. inviting
C. being invited
D. having invited
10. Friendship is like money: easier made than _________. (03’北京)
A. kept
B. to be kept
C. keeping
D. having kept
11. _________ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. (03’北京)
A. Having given
B. To give
C. Giving
D. Given
12. Climbing mountains was ____, so we all felt ____.
A. tiring ; tired
B. tired ; tiring
C. tiring ; tiring
D. tired ; tired
13. The ____ morning, the father came into the lonely house, ____ by his naughty boy.
A. following ; following
B. followed ; followed
C. following ; followed
D. followed ; following
14. _______ these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing and ____ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent.
A. Seeing; seen
B. Seen ; seeing
C. Seeing ; seeing
D. Seen ; seen
15. Mrs. White was glad to see the nurse ____ after her son and her daughter and was also
pleased to see children well ____ care of in the nursery.
A. looked ; taken
B. looking ; taken
C. looked ; took
D. looking; taking
16. I was lucky to pick up a wallet ____ on the ground on the way home, but unfortunately for
me, I found my color TV set ____ when I got home.
A. lying; stolen
B. laying; stealing
C. lay; stolen
D. lying; stealing
17. _______ better attention, the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining
brightly in the sky and ____ them light.
A. Giving; given
B. Given; given
C. Giving; giving
D. Given; giving
18. ____ his head high, the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting ____ then.
A. Holding; being held
B. Held ; holding
C. Having held ; held
D. Held ; to be held
19. ________ but he still could not understand it.
A. Told many times
B. Having been told many times
C. He has been told many times
D. Though he had been told many times
20. On hearing the ____ news, I was too ____ to sleep.
A. exciting; excited
B. excited; exciting
C. exciting; exciting
D. excited; excited
21. When I put my hand on his chest, I could feel his heart still ____.
A. beat
B. beating
C. beaten
D. to beat
22. When I went home, I saw a letter on the desk ____ “Dinner is ready. Mommy”
A. says
B. saying
C. written
D. writing
23. The manager promised to keep me ________of how our business was going on.
A. to be informed
B. on informing
C. informed
D. informing
24. The speaker, ________for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience.
A.having known
B. being knowing
C. knowing
D. known
25. Returning to the room, _______.
A. the book was lost
B. I found the book missing
C. the book was missing
D. the book was found missing
Reading the following passage and think it carefully? What food for thought can you get?
Like most big projects, learning to manage your mother well is important. Here are what I believe the best steps towards a better relationship with her. They are not necessarily surprising, but they have worked for many people. Try them.
Remember your mother’s age. Knowing our mothers’ age , not just in numbers of years but in terms of her psychological and physical state, often helps to understand her better.
Listen to your mother. As we grow up, what our mother has told us sounds of no use for the world we live in today. Yet I have found that sometimes her words from long time ago are very useful. If your mother knows that you respect her point of view, even if you don’t share it, it will help her feel close to you.
Ask your mother about your childhood history. If you are fortunate enough to have a living family., think of your life as a jigsaw(拼图) puzzle and ask as many questions as you can to put the picture together. Understanding your roots and your childhood can help you know more clearly who you are and to be a part of a family which you share with your mother.
Remember that managing your mother is really about managing yourself. No matter how difficult we find her, it is important to remember that ti is not her behavior itself that is causing us discomfort, but the way we feel about her behavior. We should follow the way of her life. Only then can you accept your mother—with her all her failings (缺点)。
1.Which of the following is not the step that you need to take to get on with your
mother?
A. remember your mother’s age
B. share your childhood with your mother
C. respect your mother’s view.
D. do as many jigsaw puzzles as you can.
2. What does the underlined word “ them” refer to in the passage?
A. Projects
B. mothers
C. steps
D. people
3. The main purpose of writing the passage is to ______.
A. give information about how to think of your mother.
B. help you improve the relationship with your mother
C. accept your mother --- with all her failings
D. respect your mother’s point of view.

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