可数名词和不可数名词
名词是所有事物的名称,包括人、物及抽象概念。名词分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。名词在句子中作主语,宾语或表语等。
一、可数名词(Countable Nouns): 一般来说个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
1、名词单数变复数规则如下:
◆一般情况直接在词尾加s。
如:cat—cats bag—bags day—days
◆以五大金刚(s, sh, ch, x,o)结尾的词,要加es。
如:class—classes match——matches box-----boxes
dish ---- dishes bus --- buses peach --- peaches
◆以辅音字母加y结尾的词,要变y为i再加es。
如: party----parties(晚会) city----cities(城市)story----stories(故事)
family---families(家;家庭) baby --- babies(婴儿)
◆如果是元音加y结尾的词,则直接加s。
如:boy---- toys(男孩) monkey----- monkeys(猴子) key---- keys(钥匙)
◆ 以f或 fe结尾的词, 变f或fe 为v, 加 es。
如: wife ----wives(妻子) knife --- knives(刀子) leaf---leaves(叶子)
◆ 以辅音字母加o结尾的词(有生命的词),常加es。
如: tomato→tomatoes(西红柿)potato→potatoes(土豆)
hero→ heroes(英雄)
◆以元音字母加o结尾直接的词(没有生命的词),只加s。
如: radio→radios(收音机) zoo→zoos(动物园)
piano→pianos(钢琴) photo→photos(照片)
◆一些不规则变化:
man--men(男人) woman-women(女人) tooth---teeth(牙齿)
goose---geese(鹅) foot---feet(脚) child--children(小孩)
mouse-mice(老鼠) ox—oxen(公牛)
◆单复数同形的词:
deer→deer(鹿) sheep→sheep(绵羊)
Chinese→Chinese(中国人)Japanese→Japanese(日本人)
二、不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)
1、不可数名词不能用数字计算,所以它通常只有单数形式。
2、不可数名词表示数量时,可以用量词来表达(量词有复数形式),其结构是数词+量词+of+名词。
如:a bottle of water(一瓶水) two cups of tea(两杯茶)
three pieces of paper(三张纸)
3、不可数名词的类别:
● 食物:salt(盐) bread(面包)rice(米饭)beef(牛肉)
meat(肉)pork(猪肉) butter(黄油)cream(奶油)
● 液体:water(水)juice(果汁) milk(牛奶) coffee(咖啡)
Tea(茶) coke(可乐) oil(油)wine.
● 表示自然现象:snow(雪) ice(冰块)rain(雨)air(空气)
● 其他:money(钱) news(新闻)homework(家庭作业)
housework(家务) advice(意见)information(信息,资料)
time(时间) work(工作) room(空间) music(音乐)
Weather(天气)space(空间)
注意:下列词语在不同含义下词性的不同。
chicken 鸡肉(不可数名词) 鸡(可数名词)
fish 鱼肉(不可数名词) 鱼的种类(可数名词)
room 空间(不可数名词) 房间(可数名词)
glass 玻璃(不可数名词) 杯子(可数名词)
paper 纸张(不可数名词) 试卷(可数名词)
experience 经验(不可数名词) 经历(可数名词)
相关练习:
1、单项选择。
( )1.The deer has four ______.
A. foot B. feet C. feets D. foots
( )2.Her two brothers are both ______.
A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen D. policemens
( )3.There are four _____ and two ______ in the group.
A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen
C. Japanese, Germans
( )4.Two ______ would come to the village.
A.woman-doctors B. women doctor
C. women doctors D. woman doctors
( )5.Can you see nine _____ in the picture?
A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse
( )6.The _____ has two ______.
A. boys, watches B. boy, watch
C. boy, watches D. boys, watch
( )7.The boy often brushes his _____ before he goes to bed.
A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths
( )8.The Japanese ____ will not leave China until she finishes her study.
A. woman B. women C. man D. men
( )9.There are lots of _____ in the basket on the table.
A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss
( )10. The cat caught two ______ last night.
weight是可数名词吗 A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices
( )11.The boys have got already.
A. two bread B. two breads
C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread
( )12. The old man wants .
A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple
C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples
( )13. There some in the river.
A. is, fish B. are, fishes C. is, fishs D. are, fish
( )14. Our English teacher often gives us ______in English by e-mail.
A. some good information B. some good informations
C. good informations D. a good informatio
( )15.I would like to have ______.
A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk
C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks
( )16.What are you listening to, Jack? ______or______?
A .Music, a news B. Music, news
C. Musics, news D. Music, newes
( )17.I have ______to do on Sundays.
A. many housework B. much housework
C. many houseworks D. much houseworks
( )18. Many farmers have got lots of _____and got much money by selling the______.
A. cow, beef B. cows, beef C. cow, beefs D. cows, beefs
( )19.---Would you like some______?
---Oh, yes, just a little.
A. milk B. apple C. pears D. news
( )20.How wonderful! The ______is made of______.
A. house, glass B. house, glasses
C. houses, glass D. houses, glasses
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