高中英语语法讲义——冠词
冠词的泛指、特指
    泛指是指首次提到、不限定的人或事物。特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物，也可以是指说话双方心目中所默认的特定的人或事物。冠词的泛指、特指用法归纳如下：
泛指：
a/an+单数名词。如：A(=One) horse is enough.（表数量）weight是可数名词吗
a/an+单数名词。如：A horse is a large four-legged animal.（强调类别中任何一个的特定）
the+单数名词。如：I think the most useful animal is the horse.（强调整个类别）
零冠词+复数名词或不可数名词。如：Horses are useful animals.（强调类别中的许多个体）
特指：the+单数名词/复数名词/不可数名词
冠词填空
1.Laszlo Biro invented______ ball-point pen.
2.The biggest whale is______ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long- the height of______ 9-story building.
不定冠词
（1）不定冠词有a, an两种形式，当紧跟着冠词的第一个音素为辅音音素（注意不是辅音字母）时用a; 当紧跟着冠词的第一个音素为元音音素（注意：不是元音字母）时用an。如：a university, a useful animal, a one-eyed dog, an hour, an honest boy, an ugly man等
冠词填空
3.  I earn 10 dollars ______ hour as ______ supermarket cashier on Saturdays.
4.  The teacher asked us to write ______ 800-word-long composition.
（2）表示one, the same或every的意思。
如：They are of an age. (=the same)    I will return in a day or two.
冠词填空：
5.  Christmas is______ special holiday when the whole family are supposed to get together.
6.  They are twins, so they are of ______ age.
（3）不定冠词的特殊位置
1）“so/ as/ too/ how/ however+ adj+ a/ an单数名词”。
  如：This is so interesting a film that we all want to see it.
      He is as good as a student as you (are).
      He is too young a boy to join the army.
      How clever a boy he is!（=what a clever boy he is! =How clever the boy is!）
      However clever a man he is, he can’t learn English well without enough practice.
2）quite, rather与单数名词连用且名词前有形容词修饰时，其顺序为“a+ rather+形容词+单数名词”或“rather/quite + a/an+形容词+单数名词”。如：
      It was a rather difficult question.
      It was rather a difficult question.
      It is quite a small house.
注意：①没有“a+ quite+形容词+单数名词”结构
      ②“quite+ a/an+单数名词”用于强调在某方面很突出。
        She is quite a beauty.
      ③在quite a few, quite a little等短语中，由于a few, a little为固定短语，故不能拆成a quite few, a quite little等
3）“no/ much/ far/ all…+形容词比较级+ a/an+ 单数名词”。如：
  He is far more clever a boy.
4)“more/less+形容词+a/an +单数名词”。
  Tom is less significant a figure.
5）what/ such/ half+ a/ an+单数名词；many a/ an+单数名词：许多；not a/ an+单数名词：一个也不
同义句转换
7. What an interesting book I have read!
  _____________ book I have read!
8. This dress is twice as expensive as that one.
  This is twice_____________ dress as that one.
（4）含有不定冠词的常考结构
have a cold   
have a good time   
have a gift for  有…的天赋 
have a word with  与…谈话
at a blow  一下子
have/take a rest 
have a holiday   
make a living  谋生
get a lift/ ride  搭便车
go on a diet    节食
as a result     
as a matter of fact
as a rule  通常   
after a while    一会后   
in a hurry匆忙地
in a sense在某种意义上
in a word
in a moment立刻
once in a while偶尔
at a loss困惑
at a distance离一段距离
for a while暂时
once upon a time从前
all of a sudden突然
a waste of…
a matter of…
What a pity!真遗憾
with a score of以…的分数
have a population of有…人口
have a history of有…的历史
have an area of有…的面积
a collection of一批…
a knowledge of (=know) 知道
an understanding of (=understand)懂得

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