初中英语—数词
数词分为基数词和序数词两种。表示数目或数量多少的词叫基数词;表示数目顺序的词叫序数词。
一. 基数词
一. 基数词
1)基数词写法和读法:
one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty twenty-one thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety hundred thousand million billion
345 three hundred and forty-five;
2)基数词一般是单数形式,具体数目+单数。如:two thousand, seven thousand 但下列情况,常用复数:
a. 表示不确的数目hundred thousand million billion后加s与of 短语连用,如:thousands of ;millions of 表示概数,不能与具体数目连 用,如scores of people 指许多人;
2)基数词一般是单数形式,具体数目+单数。如:two thousand, seven thousand 但下列情况,常用复数:
a. 表示不确的数目hundred thousand million billion后加s与of 短语连用,如:thousands of ;millions of 表示概数,不能与具体数目连 用,如scores of people 指许多人;
b. 在一些表示"一排"或"一组"的词组里;
如:They arrived in twos and threes. 他们三三两两的到达了。
c. 表示"几十岁";30—thirties, 50s--fifties
d. 表示"年代",用 in +the +数词复数;in the 1990s(1990--1999)
e. 在乘法运算的一种表示法里,如:3 x 5 = 15 , Three fives is (are) fifteen.
1. 基数词就注意以下几点:
(1)几十几的基数词的十位数与个位数之间要用连字符“-”连接。如:
eighty-five 85
twenty-six 26
(2)三位数的基数词须在百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间用and连接。如:
three hundred and sixty-five 365
two hundred and six 206
(3)基数词的复数形式。当基数词hundred, thousand, million, billion等词前有具体数词或several修饰时,必须用单数。如:
如:They arrived in twos and threes. 他们三三两两的到达了。
c. 表示"几十岁";30—thirties, 50s--fifties
d. 表示"年代",用 in +the +数词复数;in the 1990s(1990--1999)
e. 在乘法运算的一种表示法里,如:3 x 5 = 15 , Three fives is (are) fifteen.
1. 基数词就注意以下几点:
(1)几十几的基数词的十位数与个位数之间要用连字符“-”连接。如:
eighty-five 85
twenty-six 26
(2)三位数的基数词须在百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间用and连接。如:
three hundred and sixty-five 365
two hundred and six 206
(3)基数词的复数形式。当基数词hundred, thousand, million, billion等词前有具体数词或several修饰时,必须用单数。如:
several hundred year’s ago几百年前
two thousand students两千个学生
2. 基数词的特殊用法:
(1)表示“几十年代”或“几十岁”时,用逢十的基数词的复数形式。如:
in the 1990’s 20世纪90年代
in one’s twenties在某人20多岁时
(2)用在习语中。如:
in twos and threes三三两两地
二. 序数词
two thousand students两千个学生
2. 基数词的特殊用法:
(1)表示“几十年代”或“几十岁”时,用逢十的基数词的复数形式。如:
in the 1990’s 20世纪90年代
in one’s twenties在某人20多岁时
(2)用在习语中。如:
in twos and threes三三两两地
二. 序数词
序数词的缩写形式: first---1st second---2 third-3rd fourth-4th fifth-5th sixth-6th seventh-7th eithth-8th ninth-9th tenth 10th eleventh-11th twelfth-12th thirteenth-13 fourteenth-14th fifteenth-15th sixteenth-16th seventeenth-17th eithteenth-18th nineteenth-19th twentieth 20th thirtieth 30th thirty-first---31st
第四到十九基数词后加th构成。
十位数的序数词由相应的基数词变y为I 加eth构成。
第二十一到九十九等,前面的十位数用基数词,后面的个位数用序数词,中间用连字符“一”连接。
第一百 一千 一百万分别在相应的基数词后面加th.
序数词之前一般要加定冠词或代词。如:Sunday is the first day of the week. He is my first teacher.
有时,序数词前用不定冠词,表示再一,又一“的意思。如:Then he tried a second time.
序数词应注意的几点事项:
1. 多位数的基数词变成序数词时,只需将末位基数词变成序数词,前边的基数词不变。如:
forty-two 42 forty-second第42
nine-hundred 900 nine-hundredth第900
2. 当序数词用阿拉伯数字表示时,必须在数字后加上序数词的最后两个字母。如:
序数词应注意的几点事项:
1. 多位数的基数词变成序数词时,只需将末位基数词变成序数词,前边的基数词不变。如:
forty-two 42 forty-second第42
nine-hundred 900 nine-hundredth第900
2. 当序数词用阿拉伯数字表示时,必须在数字后加上序数词的最后两个字母。如:
21st第21
32nd第32
3. 序数词前一般要用定冠词the,如果序数词前用a或an时,则表示“又一;再一”(没有具体范围的限制)。如:
Though he had failed twice, he wanted to try a third time.
尽管他已失败了两次,他还想再试一次。
The little monkey had had three apples, and he wanted to eat a fourth one.
那只小猴子已经吃了3个苹果,他还想再吃一个。
三. 分数和百分数
1. 分数
(1)分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词。如:
one fifth五分之一
one tenth十分之一
(2)当分子大于1时,分母用序数词的复数。如:
two thirds三分之二
32nd第32
3. 序数词前一般要用定冠词the,如果序数词前用a或an时,则表示“又一;再一”(没有具体范围的限制)。如:
Though he had failed twice, he wanted to try a third time.
尽管他已失败了两次,他还想再试一次。
The little monkey had had three apples, and he wanted to eat a fourth one.
那只小猴子已经吃了3个苹果,他还想再吃一个。
三. 分数和百分数
1. 分数
(1)分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词。如:
one fifth五分之一
one tenth十分之一
(2)当分子大于1时,分母用序数词的复数。如:
two thirds三分之二
five eighths八分之五
(3)当分子是1时,可以用one也可以用a。如:
a second = one second
a third = one third
(4)当分母是2和4时,分别可以用half和quarter代替。如:
a half二分之一
three quarters四分之三
2. 百分数
百分数用percent表示。如:
forty percent百分之四十
three percent百分之三
3. 分数、百分数与主谓一致
分数、百分数的考查往往和主谓一致相联系。当分数、百分数修饰可数名词的复数时,谓语动词用复数形式;当分数、百分数修饰不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Eighty percent of the students in our school come from Henan.
(3)当分子是1时,可以用one也可以用a。如:
a second = one second
a third = one third
(4)当分母是2和4时,分别可以用half和quarter代替。如:
a half二分之一
three quarters四分之三
2. 百分数
百分数用percent表示。如:
forty percent百分之四十
three percent百分之三
3. 分数、百分数与主谓一致
分数、百分数的考查往往和主谓一致相联系。当分数、百分数修饰可数名词的复数时,谓语动词用复数形式;当分数、百分数修饰不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Eighty percent of the students in our school come from Henan.
我们学校百分之八十的学生来自河南。
Three fourths of the students in my class are interested in English.
我们班四分之三的学生对英语感兴趣。
Two thirds of the water on the earth is sea water.
地球上三分之二的水是海水。
四. 倍数的表示法
1. 表示“几倍大小(长短;数量)”,由“倍数+ the size(length,&)”结构组成。如:
The earth is forth-nine times the size of the moon.
2. 表示“……比……大几倍”,由“倍数+形容词(副词)比较级+ than +被比较部分”结构组成。如:
This box is three times bigger than that one.
3. 表示“……是……倍”,由“倍数+ as +形容词+ as +被比较部分”结构组成。如:
Our factory is twice as big as theirs.
Three fourths of the students in my class are interested in English.
我们班四分之三的学生对英语感兴趣。
Two thirds of the water on the earth is sea water.
地球上三分之二的水是海水。
四. 倍数的表示法
1. 表示“几倍大小(长短;数量)”,由“倍数+ the size(length,&)”结构组成。如:
The earth is forth-nine times the size of the moon.
2. 表示“……比……大几倍”,由“倍数+形容词(副词)比较级+ than +被比较部分”结构组成。如:
This box is three times bigger than that one.
3. 表示“……是……倍”,由“倍数+ as +形容词+ as +被比较部分”结构组成。如:
Our factory is twice as big as theirs.
倍数表示法
a. 主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+ as + adj. + as
I have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多。
b. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ the size (amount,length…) of…
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍。
c. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ 形容词(副词)比较级+ than…
The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.
今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。
d. 还可以用weight是可数名词吗by+倍数,表示增加多少倍
The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.
今年粮食产量增加了4倍。
I have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多。
b. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ the size (amount,length…) of…
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍。
c. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ 形容词(副词)比较级+ than…
The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.
今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。
d. 还可以用weight是可数名词吗by+倍数,表示增加多少倍
The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.
今年粮食产量增加了4倍。
基数词:表示数目或数量的词
从十三至十九:以teen结尾
逢十都以ty结尾
二十一至九十九:十位与个位之间加连字符
hundred thousand million billion
读法:每三位隔开 十位与百位之间加and
26,256,352
序数词:表示顺序或第几
用法
第一, 第二,第三,其他加基数词后加th
注意第五,第八,第九,第十二 fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth
二十,三十等:y变i +eth
多位数时只变个位
缩略形式:阿拉伯数字加最后两位字母
读法:
Lesson 2, the second lesson Page 53, the fifty-third page Room 605 Bus 5
Telephone number: 2225553
分数读法:
分子用基数分母用序数 1/2 a half 1/3 one third 2./4 two quarters
2/5 two fifths 五又四分之五 five and four fifths
小数:0.12 0.32
百分比:percent sixty percent
加减乘除:Five and ten is fifteen. Five plus ten equals fifteen. Five and ten make fifteen.
Seven minus one equals six. Seven minus one is six.
Five times six equals thirty.
Ten divided by five equals two.
日期表示法:1990年3月14日 March 14 1990
( )9世纪 the nineteenth century
In the 1990s
.年月日的表达法,先月后日,把年代放在最后,用逗号隔开。1949,10,1读作:October first nineteen fourty-nine
时刻的表达法:1,按顺序读,用基数词。如:7:30 seven thirty 8:15 eitht fifteen 12:48 twelve forty-eitht.
2.用介词past,past之前为分钟数(须在半小时以内,包括半小时)past之后为钟点数。Eg:6:11: eleven past six 7:15 :fifteen(a quarter) past seven 9:3o: thirty (half) past nine
3.用介词to,to前为分钟数(须在半小时以上,不包括半小时)to之后为下一个钟点数,表示“差几分到几点”。如:7:45 fifteen(a quarter) to eight 11:36 twenty-four to twelve
数词的用法:
1、表示年份:2002: twenty thousand and two ; 1976 : nineteen seventy-six.
2、表示日期: 12月1日: Dec.1st或the first of December;2002年11月8日: Nov. 8th, 2002.
3、表示时刻: 5:15→ five fifteen或a quarter past five ; 8:30→ eight thirty或half past eight ; 10:45→ ten forty-five或a quarter to eleven.
4、表示编号:Room 105→Room one 0 five; Bus No.13→Bus Number Thirteen; P.5→Page Five; Tel.No.7658659→Telephone Number seven-six-five-eight-six-five-nine
5、小数的读法:5.7→ five point seven, 0.16 →zero point one six.
6、“半”的表达: 1/2→half, 半小时→half an hour, 1.5小时→one and a half hours或one hour and a half.
7、序数词前面加the时,表示顺序,加a/an时表示“再一、又一”。如:The third lesson is rather difficult.(第三课相当难)/ Shall we read the text a third time?(我们把课文读第三遍,好吗?)
1. It is reported that the United States uses ________ energy as the whole of Europe. (广西卷)
A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much
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