中高考英语考点---冠词的用法
(一). 不定冠词的用法
1. 用在可数名词前表示“一个” 相当于“one”(类指)。
There is a book on the desk.
I’ll return in a day or two.
2.用在专有名词前,表示“某一个” 相当于“a certain”.
A Mr. White is waiting for you downstairs.
3. 表示“一类”相当于“any”(泛指).
A horse is a useful animal.
4. 表示“每一”相当于“per”.
The doctor asked me to take the medicine three times a day.
The envelopes are one yuan and twenty fen a dozen
5. 用在某些固定词组中.
a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time
6. 用在抽象名词前,表具体的介绍:a + 抽象名词,即抽象名词具体化。如:
This little girl is a joy to her parents.
It is a pleasure to talk with you.
It is an honour to me to attend the meeting.
7. 与物质名词连用,表示“一种,一阵、一份”。
What a heavy rain! A Sprite, please.weight的用法搭配
What a good supper! He bought a Toyota.
Please give me a black coffee!
8. “a” 用在辅音开头前, “an” 用在元音开头前.
a useful book, a European country, a one-year-old child,
an hour, an honest boy, an 800-metre-long bridge,
There is an “s” in the word “smile”.
(f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x)
(二). 定冠词的用法
1. 表示文中再次提到的人或物.
There is a book on the desk. The book is an English book.
2. 表示特指的人或物(即:谈话时彼此都知道的人或物).
Look at the blackboard.
Open the door, please.
3. 用在单数可数名词前表示泛指
The horse is a useful animal.
Horses are useful animals.
4. 表示世界上独一无二的东西
the sun, the earth, the capital, the sky, the universe
but: in nature, in space, in society, in history
5. 用在由普通名词构成的国家、党派等专有名词前以及江、河、湖、海、山川、岛的名词前。
the United States, the Communist Party of China, the Yellow River, the Rocky Mountains, the Philippines, the Pacific Ocean, the China of 1840, the Paris of the east, the late Mr. Brown
6. 用在序数词、形容词最高级前。
the second story, the largest room, the third longest river
7. 用在方位名词前或某些表示时间的词组或习惯语中。
on the left, in the east / west, in the morning, on the other hand, in the end
8. 用在形容词或分词前表示一类人。
the poor / rich / dying / young / living / wounded
9. 在姓氏复数形式前,表示全家人或夫妇二人。
The Smiths are sitting at the breakfast table
10. 弹奏乐器时,乐器名词前
Do you like to play the piano or the violin?
11. 在表示发明物的单数名词前加定冠词
The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.
12. 年代前
In the 1870’s/1870s, when Marx was already in his fifties, …
13. 在表示阶级、阶层的词前
the ruling class, the working people
14.在朝代前:
the Tang Dynasty唐朝
the Ming Dynasty明朝
the Stone Age石器时代
15. 报刊杂志名,如:
the People’s Daily 人民日报 the Daily Mail每日电讯报
the Times泰晤士报
the Atlantic大西洋日刊
厂矿、机关、农历节,指:
1)厂矿,如:
the Anshan Iron and Steel鞍山钢铁厂
the Beijing No.2 Textile Mill北京第二棉纺厂
2)机关,如:
the Ministry of Education教育部
the State Department美国国务院
3)农历节,如:
the Mid-Autumn Festival中秋节
the Spring Festival春节
the Dragon Boat Festival端午节
⑥天体、组织、会议、船,指:
1)天体,如:
the Earth地球 the Sun太阳 the sky天空
2)组织,如:
the Communist Youth League共青团
the Communist Party共产党
3)会议,如:
the 11th Party Congress第十一次党代会
the Geneva Agreement日内瓦协议
4)船舶(也包括火车、飞机名称前),如:
the Queen Mary玛丽女王号(船名)
the Flying Scotsman苏格兰飞人号(快车)
the Comet 彗星号(飞机名)
16.习语、特指、独有词,指
1)习语,如:
在某些固定搭配中,有些习语要求用定冠词;如不用冠词,则含义不同,试比较:in the trade内行,行家/in trade做买卖
in the case of对……而言(来说)/in case万一,以防
2)特指:
·表示某一个(或某些)特定的人或物(即“特指”)时,用定冠词。
He came to the decision that he must act at once.他做出了(必须)立即行动的决定。(特指那个决定)
The manager in charge of the work is very conscientious.负责那项工作的经理非常认真负责。(经理和工作都是特指)
·当表示“那唯一的”、“那正是”和“那理想的”等意思时,已含“特指”之意,需用定冠词。例:
That is the person I was looking for.那正是我刚才在的词典。
That is the phrase to be used this way.那是可以这样用的唯一的短语。
·定冠词和某些形容词连用时,“特指”某类人和物,需用定冠词。
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