二、知识精讲
（一）重点单词
1. belief n. 信任；信仰；信心
He has great belief in his doctor. 他对他的医生无比信赖。
He came to me in the belief that I could help him.
他到我这里来，相信我能帮助他。
The cruelty of the murders was beyond belief.
凶手的残忍让人难以置信。
知识拓展：
believe vt. & vi.  believable / unbelievable adj.
They need a leader they can believe in.
他们需要一个可以信赖的领导。
Believe it or not, he asked me to marry him.
信不信由你，他向我求婚了。
—Does he still work there? 他还在那里工作吗？
—I believe so / not. 我想是/不是。
2. gain vt. 获得；得到; 赢得
He has gained rich experience in these years.
这些年他已获取了丰富的经验。
He has gained the respect of his friends.
他赢得了朋友们的尊重。
He gained weight after recovery from his illness.
康复后他的体重增加了。
I gained a lot by / from my former experience.
我从以前的经验中学到很多东西。
知识拓展
n. 收益；利润
No pains; no gains.（谚语）不劳无获
3. gather vt.
采集；收集；积累；聚集
The farmers are gathering (in ) crops in the field.
农民们正在田野里收割庄稼。
The mother told the boy to gather his toys up.
母亲告诉那个男孩把玩具收起来。
The writer is gathering materials for his work.
那位作家正在为他的作品收集资料。
He gathered much experience in his work.
他在工作中积累了丰富的经验。
The teacher gathered all the students on the playground.
老师使全体学生聚集在操场上。
4. award 
1）vt. 授予，判定
Medals were awarded to the best speakers on the debating team.
= The best speakers were awarded medals on the debating team.
奖章授予辩论队中的最佳演说者。
2) n. 奖；奖品；奖金
She received an award of 1,000 dollars.
她得到1000美元的奖金。
He beat all the other players, winning the first award.
他打败所有的选手获得了一等奖。
5. admire  vt. 赞美；钦佩；羡慕  admiration n.[u] 钦佩；羡慕
I admire your courage and wisdom. 我钦佩你的胆识和智慧。
We all admire him for his courage and bravery. 
我们都钦佩他的胆识和勇气。
She is admiring herself in the mirror.她正对着镜子自我欣赏。
I watched the girl playing the piano in admiration.
我钦佩地看着那女孩弹钢琴。
I have great admiration for his courage. 我十分佩服他的胆识。
6. permission [u] 许可；允许
You have my permission to leave. 我准你离开。
You can’t take photos here without permission.
未经允许你们不能在此处拍照。
With your permission, I want to say a few words.
如蒙（你的）允许我想讲几句。
Yeah, but you shall ask your mother for permission.
好的，不过你应该征得你母亲的同意。
知识拓展：
permit vt. 准许；许可；允
许 permit n.许可（证）；执照
Have you got a driving permit？
你有没有取得驾照？
We don’t permit smoking in the office.
我们不允许在办公室吸烟。
Visitors are not permitted to take photographs.
参观者请勿拍照。
I will come tomorrow, weather permitting/ if weather permits.
天气允许的话，我明天过来。
7. apologize/ apologise vi. 道歉，辩白 apology n.
You should apologise to your teacher for coming late.
=You should make an apology to your teacher for coming late.
你应该为你的迟到向你的老师道歉。
I must apologize for my mistake.
我必须为我犯的错误道歉。
8. remind vt. 提醒；使想起reminder n. 提醒物，提示
This story reminds me of/about my childhood.
这个故事让我想起了我的童年。
Please remind me to write to my mother tomorrow.
请提醒我明天给我母亲写信。
Please remind me that I should take my medicine three times a day.
请提醒我每天要服三次药。
The hut was purposely left there as a reminder of the past.
这小屋是故意留在那里，使人们不要忘记过去。
9. forgive (forgave, forgiven) vt. 原谅；饶恕forgiveness n.
I’ll never forgive you for what you said to me.
我绝不会因你说的话而原谅你。
He asked us to forgive him for what he had done wrong.
他请求我们原谅他犯的错。
即学即用：
① The teacher apologized ____ late.
A. to his students to arrive  B. to his students for arriving
C. for his students to arrive  D. for his students for arriving
② I didn’t mean to keep you waiting here for a long time. There are several traffic jams on the way. Can you ____ me?
A. apologize  B. interrupt  C. forgive  D. behave
③ —Thanks for ____ me of the meeting this morning.
—You’re welcome.
A. advising  B. suggesting  C. reminding  D. telling
④ It’s the ____ in the country to go out and pick flowers on the first day of spring.
A. use  B. habit  C. custom  D. normal
⑤ —Many people are in great need of extra food.
—Yes. It is a challenge to _____ all their needs.
A. satisfy    B. gain      C. practice    D. produce
⑥ —Can I smoke here ?
—No,      at no time in the library.
A. smoking permits            B. smoking does permit 
C. smoking is permitted          D. is smoking permitted
⑦ Many of his ideas , which were not known to all at first, have _____popular support.
A. gained  B. owned  C. gathered  D. accepted
⑧ The police are offering a (n) ______to any one who can give information about the boy.
A. price    B. prize    C. award  D. money
（二）重点短语
1. take place vi. 发生；举行
The football match will take place tomorrow.
足球赛将在明天举行。
The accident took place only a block from my home.
事故发生在离我家仅一个街区远的地方。
注意：take place为不及物动词短语，无被动语态
知识拓展：
place的相关短语归纳
It
would be difficult to find a man to take the place of the secretary/ take the secretary’s place.
很难到一个代替秘书的人。
Money is being used in place of something more direct.
金钱正在被更直接地用来取代某种东西。
Please take your place. 请入座。
The proposal is not quite in place.
那个提议似乎不太恰当。
His remarks are out of place.
他的话讲得不恰当。
Some of these books are out of place. Please put them in right order.
有些书位置不对, 请把它们按顺序放好。
2. in memory of = to the memory of 纪念；追悼（念）
The statue was built in memory of the famous scientist.
这座雕像是为了纪念那位有名的科学家而建立的。
He founded the charity in memory of his late wife.
他兴办那个慈善机构以追念他已故的妻子。
3. dress up 盛装；打扮；装饰
We are supposed to dress up as movie characters for the party, what a novel idea!
我们在晚会上要装扮得像电影中的角，这是一个多么新奇的主意啊！
They dress up for the occasion. 
为了参加这个活动，他们都穿上了盛装。
知识拓展：
She is always dressed in black. 
她总穿着黑衣服。
The kids are too young to dress themselves, so the mother has to dress them every morning.
孩子们太小不能自己穿衣服，因此母亲每天早上都得给他们穿衣服。
4. play a trick/tricks on sb. 对某人搞恶作剧//开玩笑
The kids are always playing tricks on their teacher.
孩子们老是对他们的老师搞恶作剧。
She hated being played tricks on in public.
她讨厌在公共场合被人开玩笑。
表达类似意思的短语还有：
play a joke/jokes on sb. = make fun of sb. 开某人的玩笑   
laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人
5. look forward to 盼望；期待
I’ m really looking forward to our vacation.
我盼望着我们的假期早日到来。
I’m looking forward to seeing you this summer vacation.
我期待今年暑假见到你。
知识拓展：
英语中to 作介词的短语还有：
The new evidence has led to the thief being caught.
新的证据致使小偷被抓。
He has been used to getting up early.
他已习惯于早起。
We object to leaving him alone.
我们反对丢下他不管。
You should pay attention to picking your words.
你应该注意你的措词。
I must get down to sorting out that pile of papers on my desk.
我得着手把桌上的那堆文件分一分类了。
After he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening.
退休后，他将要致力于园艺事业。
6. as though / as if  好像；似乎
She acted as though nothing had happened.
她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。
It looks as if it’s going to rain.
看样子天要下雨了。
He looked about as though (he was) in search of something.
他四下张望，好像在寻什么。
The child talks as if she were an adult.
那孩子说话的样
子好像她是个大人。
He talked about pyramids as though he had seen them himself.
他谈起金字塔来就好像他亲眼见过它们一样。
7. turn up 出现；到达；调大（音量等）
It’s time for the meeting, but he hasn’t turned up.
weight的短语搭配到开会的时间了，但他还没到。
Please turn up the radio. I want to listen to the news.
请把收音机音量调大, 我想听听新闻。
知识拓展：
常与turn 搭配的短语还有：
Please turn on /off the light.
请打开/关掉灯。
Please turn down the radio.
请把收音机的音量调小。
His demand is turned down.
他的要求被回绝了。
You’ll have to back up and turn around.
你将不得不往后退并转身。
She turns away to hide her blush.
她扭过脸，怕人见到她脸红。
Wait and see. Your experiment will turn out successful.
等着瞧吧。你的实验会成功的。
When I am in difficulty, I always turn to him for help.
我有困难时总是他帮忙。
8. keep one’ s word (= keep one’ s promise) 守信用；履行诺言
You can’t take her promises seriously: she never keeps her word.
她答应的事你不必当真，她从来就说话不算数。
知识拓展：
常与word 搭配的短语还有：
Never trust a man who breaks his word easily. 
不要信任一个常常食言的人。
He became, in other words, a great hero.
换句话说, 他成了一位伟大的英雄。
In a word, we should improve our service.
总之，我们应该改进我们的服务。
Can I have a word with you?
我能和你说句话吗？
9. hold one’ s breath =catch one’s breath屏息；屏住气
How long can you hold your breath for? 你能屏住呼吸多久?
The audience held their breath as the acrobat walked along the tightrope.
杂技演员走钢丝时, 观众都屏住了呼吸。
知识拓展：
常与breath 搭配的短语有：
I ran so fast that I was out of breath/ short of breath /lost my breath.
我跑得太快，因而上气不接下气。
10. set off 出发；动身；使爆炸；激起，引起
What time are you planning to set off tomorrow?
你打算明天几点钟启程?
The terrorist set off a bomb in the city centre and killed six people.
在市中心引爆了，杀害了六个人。
A letter from home set off an attack of homesickness.
一封家信勾起了一阵乡思。
He got up early and set off/out for work.
他起得很早，然后动身上班去了。
知识拓展：
常见的与set搭配的短语还有：
She set about complaining /set out to complain as soon as she arrived.
她一到就开始抱怨。
When was the organization set up?
那个组织是什么时候建立的？
本单元其它重要的短语：
纪念死者  honor the dead
损害、危害 do harm
用……覆盖 cover …with
带领某人去……  lead… to…           
以……形式in the shape of
用……装饰 …decorate … with …
聚集在
一起 get together
日日夜夜 day and night
玩得开心 have fun with
为……骄傲 be proud of
淹没；浸泡在…… drown in
与某人结婚 get/ be married to sb.
扔掉  throw away
即学即用：
① He cleared his throat as if ______ something.
A. to say  B. says    C. is saying  D. have said
② We’re going to _______ with some friends for a picnic. Would you like to join us ?
A. get in    B. get over      C. get along  D. get together
③ This memorial was built____ those heroes who laid down their lives for the liberation of the poor people.
A. in memory of            B. to remember     
C. for the memory of        D. to the memory of
④ He is looking forward __________his father.
A. of receiving          B. of hearing from   
C. to hearing from        D. to hear from
⑤ It is a good habit to _______, for people will always believe in you.
A. keep one’s word        B. hold one’s breath
C. help oneself          D. get ready
⑥ On Halloween , children in America like to _____as ghosts to frighten people.
A take up  B. make up  C. dress up  D. turn up
⑦ If you want to catch the first bus , you’d better _____for the bus station immediately.
A. set up  B. set about  C. set down  D. set off
⑧ We agreed to meet at 10 at the bus stop but he _______so far.
A. didn’t turn up          B. hasn’t turned up
C. didn’t turn off          D. hasn’t turned off
（三）重（难）点句型
1. It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave. 很明显咖啡店老板正在等着李方离开。
△ It was obvious/clear that …= obviously/ clearly, … “很明显……，显而易见……”。句子中it作形式主语，其后的that从句才是句子的真正主语。it在句子中作形式主语，没有具体意义，只是帮助把真正的主语移至句子末尾，起到平衡句子结构的作用。
It was quite clear/ obvious that they had no desire for peace.
很显然他们没有和平的愿望。
It is obvious that you are wrong 显然，你错了。
知识拓展：
有类似用法的it句式：
It is necessary/ important/ strange/ natural + that + sb. should do
It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder + that + sb. should do
It is said/believed/reported/announced/expected/… + that …
It was strange that he should have been absent from such an important meeting.
真奇怪，这么重要的会议，他居然缺席。
It was a shame that he should have lied to us.
他竟然向我们撒慌，真是可耻。
It is reported that the talks between the two sides are making progress.
据报道，双方的会谈有进展。
2. Finding that Zhinu was heart-broken , her mother finally decided to let the couple cross the Milky Way to meet once a year.
看到织女伤心欲绝，王母娘娘最后决定让这对夫妇每年跨过银河相会一次。
△ finding that Zhinu was heart-broken 是现在分词短语作原因状语

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