高考形容词和副词
形容词和副词 形容词
一.概念:
形容词是用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。
二.形容词在句中充当什么成分:
通常作定语,表语,主补,宾补和状语。
1. 做定语
weight是什么词 一般放在所修饰词的前面
an interesting film good idea
形容词修饰不定代词Some-, any-, no-, every-, 时,形容词一般要后置,做后置定语:
everybody clever something important
I have _______________(一些重要的事情)to tell you
2.做表语
eg. Impossible is nothing.没有不可能。
注:
(1) 一定要注意系动词的出现情况。这是一个高考热点问题。
常见系动词有:be
变化系词: become, get ,turn, grow, go
保持系词: keep ,remain, stay
感观系词: look, smell , taste, feel, sound,appear , seem ,prove etc.
(2)
①某些以a 开始的形容词只做表语,不做定语。
afraid, alike, alone, asleep ,awake,alive
②某些表身体健康状况的形容词只能做表语,不做定语
well, ill faint
3. 做补足语。
eg. We consider the plan workable. 我们认为该计划可行。
4.做状语
表状况、原因、结果等。这也是应注意的一点。
Eg. 1)He went to bed , cold and hungry.
2) Knowing the truth, the boss stood there, speechless.
得知真相后,老板无言以对。
(speechless为状语,注意形容词作状语,通常用于固定句式,该形容词并非修饰谓语
动词,而是说明前面名词的性质或状态)。
例:
When it was his turn to deliver his speech,________,he walked towards the microphone. A.nervously and A.embarrassingly B.nervous and embarrassedly
C.nervously and embarrassing D.nervous and embarrassed
解析:
该题考查形容词作状语。形容词一般作定语,但也可作状语。如:He lay in bed,awake.再如:Her husband came back,drunk. 答案: D
三.形容词的比较级和最高级变化规则
规则变化 1. 一般情况 加er, est smaller,smallest 2. 以e 结尾 加r,st larger,largest 3. 以"辅音字母+y "结尾的词 改y为i,再加er,est busier,busiest 4. 重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写末尾辅音字母,加er,est fatter,fattest 5.多数双音节和多音节的词 加more most more beautiful, most important |
不变化规则 原级 比较级 最高级 good ,well better best bad, ill, badly worse worst many ,much more most little less least far farther, further farthest,further old older, elder oldest, eldest |
例:改错
1.Farther explanation is unnecessary
2. Airplanes can fly further and faster than the fastest bird.
四.具体用法:
1.原级的用法
1) as 原形 as A与B一样……
eg. The train travels as fast as the 3:55 train.
He has not as much money as his friend.
2) not as(so) 原形 as A与B不一样……
eg. She is not as (so)beautiful as her sister.
The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine. 这项工作不是像你想像的那么难。
注意
貌似同级比较结构的一些习惯用语
①as far as词汇意义:“和…一样远;一直到…”。引申义表程度或范围,作连接词引导 从句,表“尽…;就…”。
②as long as词汇意义:“和…一样长”。引申义为“只要…”,引导条件状语从句,相当于 only if。
③as well as词汇意义:“和…一样好”,可作并列连词,意思是“和;以及”。句尾用as well, 作“也”讲。
④as soon as词汇意义:“尽快”,引申义为“一…就”,作连词引导时间状语从句,相当 于the moment (when)。
2.比较级的用法
1) 比较级+ than
eg. Health is more important than wealth.
2) 比较级+比较级 “越来越…”
higher and higher
more and more important
3) the +比较级,the+比较级 “越…,越…”
eg. The quicker you get ready, the sooner we'll be able to leave.
4) the +比较级+of the two “两者中较… 的一个 ”
The taller of the two boys is my brother. 两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。
5) 否定+比较级 表示最高级 “最…不过”
eg. His work couldn't be worse.
How beautifully she sings!I have never heard a better voice.
—Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting? —你对他在会议上说的满意吗?
—No.It couldn’t have been worse. ——不,不能再差了。
6)比较级+than any other+名词单数、
比较级+than any of the other+名词复数、
比较级+than anyone else等。
补充:
senior(年长的,高级的),
junior(年幼的,初级的), 等词与to连用,表示比较级。
superior(优越的),
inferior(下等的,低劣的)
eg. He is three years senior to me.
He is three years older than me.
3. 最高级的用法
1) the +最高级+of/in+比较范围 (…之中最…)
Of all things in the world, people are the precious.
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