名词性从句
1、基本概念
在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括_________________、_______________、____________和_________________。
判断下列句子属于名词性从句的哪一种
1.What is needed for the space trip is careful preparation.
2.Her wish is that she can lose weight soon. 
3.I think that woman can reach every high achievements in many fields of science. 
4.We were very excited at the news that our team had won.
二、注意事项 :
1.注意区分that 与what （重难点-必考点）
        连词
引导的从句
that
what
名词性从句
①没有词义
②不作任何成分
③有时可省略
①有词义，“什么、所…的”
②充当主语、宾语或表语
③不能省略
定语从句
指人或物，作主语、宾语或表语；可省略
请用that或what 填空。
1）__________he said at the meeting yesterday surprised us
2）__________he spoke at the meeting yesterday surprised us .
3）_________your father wants to know is how you are getting along with your study.
4)The trouble is __________ we are short of tools.
5)China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer __________it used to be.
6)__________he really means is _________he disagrees with us.
2.主语从句作主语，主句谓语动词通常用单数；为使句子平衡，常用it作形式主语。
⑴ It + be + 形容词(strange, natural. True等) + that 等
Eg：It’s strange that he didn’t come. 
⑵ It + be + 名词词组+ that从句（a pity, a shame等）
Eg: It’s a pity that he can’t go. 
⑶ It doesn’t matter + how/ whether从句
Eg: It doesn’t matter whether he will come or not. 
⑷ It + be + 过去分词（said, reported,hoped等）+that从句
Eg: It’s reported that our China team has won.
⑸ It seems / happens + that从句
Eg：It happens that I wasn’t there that day. 
3.表语从句还可以用as if， as though引导。
在表语从句中.不要使用The reason why… is because  „句型, 
应使用 The reason why… is that„或This / it /that/  is because„等句型.
4.表示“是否”，引导宾语从句时可用if或whether，但在介词后或直接与or not连用时，只能用whether引导；引导表语从句、同位语从句或位于句首的主语从句时，只能用whether，不用if。
5. 同位语从句一般放在fact，news，idea， promise，suggestion，advice, doubt, word(消息), information, order等抽象名词之后，说明或解释这些抽象名词的具体内容。多用that引导，不能由which引导。
6. 当宾语从句又带有补语时，要用it作形式宾语。
如：I think it important that we should keep calm.
7. 在表示“建议” “命令” “要求”，如advice，suggestion，proposal，order， demand，request等词后的名词性从句，其谓语通常用“(should＋)动词原形”。
8.宾从的否定转移：宾从中有think, believe, imagine, suppose 等动词时，否定形式要转移。翻译为“认为/相信/猜测…..不”
如：I don’t think this dress fits you well.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。
I don’t believe he will do so, will he?我相信他不会这样做，是吗？
当由两个that引导的从句作同一个动词或介词的宾语时，第二个that不可省。
Tom told the leader (that) Jone had worker very hard and that he wanted him stay.weight是什么词性
9.同位语从句与定语从句的区别：（难点）
不同点：
同位语从句：对前面的名词（注意是抽象名词）起解释说明的作用；
that没有词义，不作成分，不可省略。
定语从句：对前面的名词或代词起修饰限定的作用；
that 有词义，作主语或宾语，可省略。
10.whoever意思为“凡……者”相当于anyone who+定语从句。它既可作主句的主语，又可作从句的主语。而who引导主语从句，只在从句中作主语。
例1  _____leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone        B. The person        C. whoever        D. Whom[Key]  C
[点拨] whoever = anyone who 
例2  Tom hopes to become a friend of _____ shares her interests.
A. anyone        B. whomever        C. whoever        D. no matter who[Key]  C
[点拨] whoever 引导的句子做介宾而no matter who 不引导名词性从句，只引导让步状从。
例3  It was a matter of _____ would take the position.
A. who        B. whoever        C. whom      D. whomever[Key]  A
三、练习巩固
（一）用适当的词填空，使句子意思完整。
1. ______ he didn’t attend the meeting yesterday wasn’t quite clear.
2. The Foreign Minister said, “It is our hope ______ the two sides will work towards peace.”
3. ______ team will win the match is still unknown.
4. ______ comes to the party will receive a present.
5. ______ Mary has left is still a question.
6. It’s reported ______ three people were killed in the accident and five were hurt badly.
7. ______ he solved the problem successfully interested all of us.
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9. It is a fact ______ English is being accepted as an international language.
10. ______ is to be sent there to solve the problem hasn’t been decided.
11. _____has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. 
12. --- Could you do me a favor?
--- It depends on ____ it is. 
13. A modern city has been set up in ____ was a wasteland ten years ago .
(二)改错
1. Exactly how the tomato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
2. Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That’s when I was born.”
3. “Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is that my mother used to tell me. 
4. It makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. 
5. From space, the earth looks blue. This is how about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.

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