【中考英语语法汇总】介词语法讲解

（一）介词概述
介词是一种虚词，在句子中不单独作任何句子成分。它是一种表示名词和句中其他词之间关系的词。它常和名词、动词、形容词等搭配，构成固定短语，表示不同意 思。介词还可以与名词构成介词短语，表示方位、方向、时间、地点、方式、原因等。这些介词短语在句中可充当定语、状语、补语等。2000—2005年的中 考中主要考了形容词与介词的搭配：如：be famous for；表示时间的介词，如：at night；动词与介词的搭配，如：arrive in/have dinner with sb.；表示方式、手段的介词，如：by phone/in English.

（二）基础知识梳理

1．名词与介词的搭配
a bit of有一点儿                                  a couple of两个、几个
a kind of一种、一类                             cover an area of占地面积
have pity on sb.怜悯某人                      huge amounts of大量的
make friends with与……交朋友               make fun of拿……开玩笑
meet the needs of迎合……的需要           one after another一个接一个；连续地
play a trick on捉弄                             the week after next下下周

2．动词与介词的搭配
agree with sb.同意某人的意见               apologize to sb. for sth.为某事向某人道歉
arrive at/in a place到达某地                 ask for请求、寻求
be covered with被……所覆盖                 be made of由……制成
be made up of由……组成                     belong to属于
break into破门而人、闯入                     call on拜访
care for照顾、喜欢                              carry out执行
check in办理登机                                come across被理解；遇见
come from出生于、来自                       come on跟我来、走吧
communicate with与……交                  cut down砍倒
deal with= do with处理                      depend on= rely on依靠、依赖
die of因……病而死                              dream of梦见
dress up穿着、打扮                             eat up= finish off吃光、喝完、吞噬
enter for报名参加                              fall off从……跌落
fill in填充、填写                                 find out出、查明、了解
get along/on with进展、与……相处         get in the way挡道
get in进入、收集                                get on上车
get off下车                                       get rid of摆脱
get ready for为…．作准备                    get to到达
get tired of对……感到厌倦                    go in for参加、从事于、酷爱 ，'^
go ahead先走、向前走；去吧                 go for a swim去游泳
go on a diet实行节食                          go over复习
go on with继续做某事                          grow up长大、成长
hand in上交                                      hear from收到……的来信
hear of听说                                       help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事
hold on等等（别挂电话）                      hold up举起
hurry off匆忙离开                              join．n参加、加入
from使……不做                        keep in touch with与……保持联系
weight是什么词性keep off阻挡；不让接近                       knock over撞倒、撞翻
later on过来；后来                             laugh at嘲笑
learn.., from向……学习                       leave for动身去
let out放出                                      line up整队；排成行
live on靠……为生                              look after照顾；照料
look at看；观看                                look for寻
look forward to期待着                       look like看上去像；显得
look out of从……朝外看                      look up查寻；抬头看
make out辨认出                              make up one's mind下决心
meet with遭遇                                 operate on sb.为……动手术
pay for付……钱                                 pick out拾起
play with玩弄                                  point at指向；指着
point out指出                                  praise sb. for sth.为某事表扬某人
to(比起……来)更喜欢              prepare for准备
from保护……免受                 pull down推倒
put off延期                                    put on穿；戴上；上演
put out伸出                                    put up举起；挂起
run after追捕；追踪                          run away逃跑
search for搜寻；搜查                        see off为……送行
sell out售完                                    set out/off for出发去……；起程去……
set up建立；设立．                           shake hands with与……握手
share with与……分享                        show off炫耀
show sb around带某人参观                 shut up住口
speed up加快速度                            from阻止……做
take away拿走                                take care of照料
take charge of负责；管理；                take hold of抓住
take in吸入                                    take off脱掉（衣物等）；起飞
take out取出                                  take part in参加 
take up开始从事                              talk about谈到
talk to/with与...谈话                        from区别；分辨
think of想起；想到                           think over仔细考虑
throw away扔掉                              tie up捆绑
try on 试穿                                    turn down（把音量）调低
turn into变成                                   turn off关掉（电灯、电视、收音机等）
turn on开，旋开（电灯、电视、收音机等）                        turn over翻车；翻阅；翻身
turn out结果是；证明是                     wake up醒来；叫醒
wait for等待；等候                           write down写下
work out算出；制定出
经典例题：
1. The foreigners arrived __________　Shanghai __________ night.
A. at…at B. in…at C. in... in D. at... in


2. Wushu is becoming more and more popular __________ westerners.
A. among B. between C. in D.within

3. __________ the help of the teachers, we decorated. Our classroom__________　lanterns, flowers and pictures yesterday.
A. without B. among C. with between

4. The cakes __________ the shape of a round moon is called mooncakes.
A. like B. look like C. as D. likes

5．改错：The manager told his secretary that he would be back __________ three-thirty.
A. in B. after C. before D. at

6. It was clever __________ the boy to work __________ the maths problems in less than t
en minutes．
A. for…out B. of... out C. D. of... on

7. My aunt Jane tried her best to reduce her weight ________ 6kg.
A．about B．at C．to D．by

8. In my opinion, I agree __________ you __________　that.
A. to… with B. with…to C. with.., with D. with.., on

9. I am familiar__________ this school since I have worked here for more than fifteen years.
A. with B. to C. about D. of

10. Would you please look __________ my baby girl __________ my absence?
A. after…during B. for…during C. after… in D. to...in


11. Mexico is ________ the south of America.
A. in B. to C. on D. of

12. The boy ____ the bike is Jackie Hu from Britain.
A. by B. on C. in D. with

13. Smoking and drinking are not good _______ your health.
A. for B. to C. of D. at

14. Can you see the cat hiding __________ the tree?
A. on B. under C. over D. in

15. The litter bin__________ the corner of the room is a present from my brother.
A. at B. on C. in D. among


16. It's fun to see a large number of stars shining in the sky ________ a clear night.
A. at B. in C. on D. of

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