副词的定义及用法
1. 定义:在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词,用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
2. 分类:时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、频率副词、程度副词、连接副词、疑问副词、关系副词、表顺序的副词以及表完成的副词。
时间副词: yesterday(昨天),today(今天),tomorrow(明天),then(那时),now(现在),soon(不久),recently(近来),lately(近来),afterwards(后来),early等。
She did her homework yesterday. 她昨天写了她的作业。
地点副词:表示地点与位置关系的副词,用来说明动作是在什么地方发生的。
here, there, home,everywhere,anywhere,somewhere, at, on, in, out, inside, outside,above,below,up,down,back,forward(向前的),upstairs(楼上的), downstairs,across,along,round,around,near,off,past,away等。
I usually get there at eight. 我通常八点到那儿。
方式副词:carefully,properly(适当地), anxiously(焦虑地), suddenly, normally(正常地),fast, well, calmly(冷静地), politely(有礼貌地), proudly(自豪地), softly,warmly ,slowly,badly,hard等
I wait for her anxiously. 我焦虑地等着她。
频率副词:never, seldom/hardly(很少地),often,usually, always,already(已经),generally(一般地),frequently(频繁),ever, immediately(立即),finally,shortly(很快),once, twice, three times等
I often go to school by bus. 我经常坐公交车去上学。
She never gives up. 她从不放弃。
程度副词:much,little,very,rather(相当),so,too,still, quite, perfectly(完美地),enough, extremely(非常), entirely(整个),almost, slightly(细小地)
I am so tired.我太累了。
I am extremely angry. 我非常生气。
连接副词
therefore(因此),moreover(此外),however,otherwise(另外的),then等
疑问副词:how, when, where, why
How do you get to school?
Why do you like English?
关系副词:when, where, why I know that’s the reason why he was late.
我知道那就是他迟到的理由。
表顺序的副词:first,then,next,finally,afterwards,primarily等
First, I cut up the bananas. 首先,我切碎这些香蕉。
表完成的副词:already,ever,just,never,since,yet,recently等
I haven't been to Beijing yet. 我还没去过北京。
3. 基本用法:
(1)多数副词放在eight是什么意思动词后面,或者放在实义动词之前,其他动词(be动词、助动词或情态动词)之后。 如果实义动词后有宾语,则放于宾语之后。
I get up early every day. (放在动词短语get up 后面)
I have seen this film twice with my friends. (放在宾语film 后面)
这部电影我和朋友看过两次。
You can also play that game.(放在实义动词play后面, 情态动词can后面)
(2)副词修饰形容词和副词时,一般放在被修饰词之前,但enough除外。
It's very easy, I can do it. (放在形容词easy 前面)
He didn't run fast enough to catch the train. (放在副词fast 之后)
他的奔跑速度不足以快到能够追上火车。
(3) 疑问副词和修饰整个句子的副词通常放在句子前面。连接副词,关系副词通常放在从句的前面。
When is your birthday? (放在句首)
Can you tell me how you did it? (how 做连接副词,放在宾语从句how you did it的句首)
(4) 时间副词和地点副词在一个句中, 地点副词在前,时间副词在后。
I went shopping there at nine last night. (地点副词there放在 时间副词last night 之前)
(5)否定副词在句首,句子要部分倒装。
Never have I felt so excited! (never 放在句首,have 提到主语I之前)
我从来没有觉得这么激动!
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