Unit 4 Amazing science
词汇精讲精练
词汇精讲
1. invention
(1)invention作名词,意为“发明;创造;虚构;发明物”。例如:
Necessity is the mother of invention.
需要是发明之母。
The whole thing is an invention of a newspaper.
整件事都是一家报纸虚构的。
The machine is his own invention.
这台机器是他自己的发明物。
(2)invent是 invention的动词形式,意为“发明;创造;虚构”。例如:
Edison invented the light bulb. 爱迪生发明了电灯。
The whole story was invented. 整个故事是虚构的。
【拓展】
invent和discover辨析:
(1)invent 意为“发明,发明之物”指“从无到有”。例如:
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔在1876年发明了电话。
(2)discover 意为“发现”,指“本来就已经存在,但不为人知”的事物。例如:
Columbus discovered America in 1492. 哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。
2. thought
(1)thought作名词,意为“思想;想法;见解;看法;主意”。例如:
The old man was lost in thought and did not hear us come in.
这个老人凝神沉思,没有听见我们进来。
Learn new culture, create new thought, establish new idea and reach new success.
学新文化,创新思想,立新观念,铸就新成功!
Don’t give it another thought.
不要再想了。
(2)think作动词,是动词think的过去式和过去分词形式,意为“想,思考,考虑”。例如:
It used to be thought that the earth was flat. 过去人们认为地球是扁平的。
I thought you were a teacher. 我以前认为你是一名教师。
I do not think that need be thought about. 我认为不必考虑那件事。
3. imagination
imagination作名词,意为“想象;想象力;幻想”。例如:
These plans is a complete failure of imagination.
这些计划毫无想象力。
A sketch can stimulate one’s own imagination.
图形能促进一个人的想象力。
You didn’t really see a ghost, it’s only imagination.
你并没有真地看见鬼,这仅仅是幻想。
【拓展】
imagine作动词,意为“想象”。imagine 是及物动词,后面可跟名词,代词,动名词和从句作宾语。例如:
We cannot imagine life without any hardships. 我们不能想象没有任何坎坷的生活。
I can imagine the scene clearly in my mind. 我仍然能很清晰地想象此番情景
I once imagined him a thin tall man. 我曾以为他是个高高的瘦瘦的人。
She always imagine it an easy thing. 她总是设想这事轻而易举。
I can’t imagine myself teaching in front of that many people.
我不能想象自己在那么多人面前教书。
Can you imagine Tom’s cooking the dinner himself? 你能想象汤姆居然亲自下厨做饭?
Mr. Smith couldn’t imagine what had happened at all.
史密斯不能想到发生了什么事。
I imagine (that) you are very tired. 我猜想你已经很累了吧。
4. mark
(1)mark作名词,意为“记号;痕迹;分数;商标”。例如:
He makes a mark on the tree.
他在树上做了个记号。
weight和weight的区别War has left its mark on the country.
战争给该国留下了不可磨灭的痕迹。
He attained a good mark in the examination.
他在考试中得到好分数。
Look at the mark on the goods.
看产品上的商标。
(2)mark作动词,意为“打分;留意;标记”。例如:
They have got a pile of exam papers to mark.
他们有一大堆试卷要打分。
Viola did not fail to mark the words of the old song.
薇奥拉果然留意了这支古老歌曲的词儿。
Mark all of the large cities on the map.
在地图上把所有大城市标记出来。
5. describe
describe作动词,意为“描述;说成;形容”。其名词形式为description。例如:
The police asked me to describe exactly how it happened.
警察让我描述一下这事是怎样发生的。
He describes himself as a doctor.
他自称是医生。
It is very difficult to describe my joy in words.
我的快乐难以用语言来形容。
6. realize
(1)realize作为及物动词,意为“认识到,了解”。例如:
He didn’t realize his mistake until his mother told him.
直到妈妈告诉他,他才认识到自己的错误。
I didn’t realize how late it was. 我没有意识到天已经那么晚了。
When he realized what had happened, he was sorry. 当他明白发生了什么事时,他感到很难过。
(2) realize还可以表示“实现;完成”的意思。例如:
The girl finally realized her dream of becoming an actress.
那个女孩当演员的梦想终于实现了。
【拓展】
realize与recognize这两个词都有“认识,识别”的意思,但在具体用法上又有所差别。
(1)recognize也可以用作及物动词,表示“认出, 辨认”的意思。例如:
I recognized his voice. 我辨认出了他的声音。
I recognized her as my friend’s daughter. 我认出了她是我朋友的女儿。
(2)recognize还可以表示“清楚知道;认定”的意思。例如:
I recognized him to be cleverer than I am. 我认识到他比我聪明。
7. weigh
weigh表示“称……的重量”,是及物动词;表示“重(多少)”,是不及物动词。例如:
He weighed the fish. 他称了这条鱼。
Do you often weigh yourself? 你经常称体重吗?
He weighs 60 kilos. 他体重60公斤。
The meat weighs five pounds. 这肉重五磅。
【拓展】
weight是名词,意为“重量,体重”。例如:
What’s your weight? 你体重是多少?
比较:by weight 和 in weight
by weight表示“按重量”,in weight表示“重量上”。例如:
Do they charge carriage by weight?
他们是按重量收取运费吗?
It’s smaller in size but greater in weight.
它体积比较小,但分量比较重。
8. prove
prove作动词,意为“证明;证实;证明是;结果是;原来是”。prove既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,可接名词、代词、从句作宾语。prove还可接“to be+ n./adj./prep. -phrase”充当补足语的复合宾语, to be一般可以省略。例如:
He has proved his courage in the battle.
他已在这场战斗中证明了自己的勇气。
And she has the numbers to prove it.
而且,她有数据来证明它。
She may prove to be the most suitable person for the job.
她结果可能是最适合干这工作的人。
They proved themselves wise and brave. 他们证实自己机智、勇敢。
Galileo proved that the earth and all other planets move around the sun.
伽利略证实地球和所有其它的行星都是绕太阳运转的。
The handbook proved most useful. 这本手册证明很有用。
9. doubt
doubt既可作动词,也可作名词,意为“怀疑”。
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