The world has developed into a world of cities. With the current rate of urban growth (3.8% in tile Third World), the major part of the population of the world will be living in cities by the year 2000. This will transform the rural-urban equation which has marked the history of mankind up to now and will call for new examples and a great deal of innovation to face this phenomenon.
   This being so, one must accept the fact that for some years to come, no policy will be able to stop or reverse the present migratory trends from the rural areas to the cities in the Third World. In Africa, the urban population will reach 330 million people by the end of the century as against 150 million in 1986.
   The number of people living in shanty towns will inevitably increase despite the efforts to improve housing conditions. Africa alone needs to build twelve million housing units between now and the year 2000 to meet its most basic needs. In an ILO study, M. S. V. Sethuraman estimates That in 70 Third World cities the proportion of people living in shanty towns varies from 15% to 70% and that about US $ 116 billion are needed to give minimum comfort to these people by the turn of the century--less than US $ 10 billion per year.
   The world population is growing at a rate of about 90 million people per year, with the Third World accounting for 80 million of them. The pressure on cities can only go on increasing. The urban population of the developing countries will exceed two billion people by the year 2000 and since the main factor for the high demographic growth is poverty, the rest population will be mostly made of people of very limited means. 世界已经发展成为一个城市的世界。按照目前的城市增长率（第三世界3.8%），到2000年底，世界上大部分人口将生活在城市中。这将改变迄今已标志着人类历史的城乡方程，并呼吁新的例子和大量的创新来面对这一现象。
因此，人们必须接受这样一个事实，即在今后的几年里，任何政策都无法阻止或扭转目前农村地区向第三世界城市迁移的趋势。在非洲，到本世纪末，城市人口将达到3亿3000万人，而1986的人口将达到1亿5000万人。
尽管改善住房条件的努力，生活在棚户区的人数将不可避免地增加。仅非洲就需要在现在到2000年间建造一千二百万套住房，以满足其最基本的需要。在国际劳工组织的研究，硕士诉Sethuraman博士估计，从15%到70%，约1160亿美元是需要由世纪之交的这些人给最小的安慰--低于100亿美元每年在70第三世界城市居住在棚户区的人的比例变化。
世界人口以每年9000万人的速度增长，第三世界人口占世界人口的8000万。城市的压力只能持续增长。到2000年底，发展中国家的城市人口将超过二十亿人，因为人口增长率高的主要因素是贫困，其余人口将主要由非常有限的人口构成。
The mankind should face the phenomenon that the world has become a world of cities with ______.
A a lot of difficulties
B efforts to improve housing condition
C pressure of the basic needs
D new models and a great deal of transformation of ideas and methods
正确答案：D答案解析：[解析] 由第一段最后一句可知答案。
In spite of the efforts to improve housing condition, the number of people living in shanty towns will increase because ______.
A houses in shanty towns are cheap
B shanty towns could provide people with minimum comfort
C no policy will be capable of stopping or changing the present immigrant tendency from the rural areas to the cities in the Third World
D the Third World population is growing at a rate of about 80 million people per year
正确答案：C答案解析：[解析] 由第二段第一句话可知答案。
According to the passage" about US $ 116 billion are required to give minimum comfort to these people by the turn of the century--less than US $ 10 billion per year", do you think which year was the article written?
A 1985.
B 1990.
C 1988.
weight和weight的区别D 1987.
正确答案：C答案解析：[解析] 由第三段最后一句话可以计算出，现在距下世纪初还有11.6年。
If the urban popluation of the developing countries exceeds 2 billion people by the year 2000, the additional people will face the problem of ______.
A housing
B food
C poverty
D limited land
正确答案：C答案解析：[解析] 由文章最后一句话可知答案。
In Africa, people in cities will be ______ by the end of the century.
A almost twice as much as in 1985
B doubled than that in 1985
C over twice as much as in 1985
D 300 million
正确答案：C答案解析：[解析] 由第二段第二句可知答案。选C。
Directions:
   Read the texts from a magazine article in which five women are talking about losing weight. For Questions 1 to 5, match the number of each book (1 to 5) to one of the statements( A to G) given below. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
 
Glynis Davis:
   I first piled on the pounds when I was pregnant and I couldn't lose them afterwards. Then
I joined a slimming club. My target was 10 stone and I lost 2 stone 21bs in five months. I felt perfect and people kept saying how good I looked. But Christmas came and I started to slip back into my old eating habits. I told myself I'd lose the weight at slimming classes in the new year ... but it didn't happen. Instead of losing the pounds, I put them on. I'd lost the willpower and tried to convince myself that the odd bag of crisps didn't make any difference--but the scales don't lie.
Roz Juma:
   Honestly, I never weigh myself--I've learned to be happy with myself. It appeared ridiculous to feel guilty about every morsel that passed my lips. My philosophy is simple: You shouldn't be preoccupied with food and dieting. Instead, you should get on with life and stop dreaming about a super-thin body. This is obviously the size I'm meant to be and, most of all, I'm happy with it.
Lesley Godwin:
   I was extremely happy after winning "Young Slimmer of the Year". I'd look in the mirror unable to believe this slim creature was me. That might have been my problem--perhaps I
didn't relate to my reflection any more. Winning a national competition makes everything worse, though, because you feel world are on you. I feel regretted because I've put on I find it humiliating and embarrassing.
Ros Langford:
   Before moving in with my husband Steven, I'd always been about 8 stone, but domestic bliss went straight to my waist and I put on 2 stone in a year. Every so often I try to go on I'm really good for a few days, then end up eating the children's leftovers or gorging on chocolate--my weakness. I'd like to be slim, but at present my priorities are the children and home. I may be more motivated when the kids are older.
Julia Minifie:
   I'm a compulsive eater. I can't control my urges and I really love cakes. When I'm slim I feel like a million dollars--and when I'm not I get very depressed. Over the years I'd tried and failed with just about every diet. I was determined I'd never put the weight back on, but at some stage along the line I lost my resoultion, and it started to creep on again . .. Certainly I will face the same problem in the future.
   Now match each of the women(61 to 65)to the appropriate statement.
   Note : There are two extra statements. 方向：
读一篇杂志文章的文章，其中有五个女人在谈论减肥。对于问题1到5，将每本书的数量（1到5）与下面给出的一个语句（A到G）相匹配。马克在答题纸1上的答案。
Glynis Davis：
我第一次怀孕时体重增加，后来我再也不能失去它们了。然后我加入了减肥俱乐部。10石是我的目标，我在五个月内失去了2石21bs。我感觉很好，人们总是说我看起来很漂亮。但是圣诞节来了，我开始回到我的旧的饮食习惯。我告诉自己，在新的一年里我会减肥…但这并没有发生。我没有把体重减轻，而是穿上了。我失去了意志力，我试着说服自己，那袋奇怪的薯片没有什么区别，但天平不会说谎。
Roz Juma：
老实说，我从不权衡自己——我学会了对自己感到快乐。对我嘴唇上的每一口东西感到有罪，这似乎是荒谬可笑的。我的哲学很简单：你不应该全神贯注于食物和节食。相反，你应
该继续生活，不要梦到一个超瘦的身体。这显然是我想要的尺寸，最重要的是，我对它很满意。
Lesley Godwin：
获得“年度Young Slimmer奖”后，我非常高兴。我会照镜子，无法相信这个苗条的生物是我。那可能是我的问题——也许我再也没有想到我的倒影了。赢得一场全国比赛使一切变得更糟，因为你觉得世界在你身上。我感到后悔，因为我又胖了…我觉得这既丢脸又尴尬。
Ros Langford：
在搬来和我丈夫史提芬住在一起之前，我一直都是8块石头，但是家庭的幸福直接到了我的腰部，我一年就换了2块石头。我经常尝试节食…我真的好几天，最后吃孩子的剩菜或大吃巧克力--我的弱点。我想身材苗条，但目前我的重点是孩子和家。当孩子们长大了，我可能更有动力。
Julia Minifie：
我是个强迫性进食者。我无法控制我的冲动，我真的很喜欢蛋糕。当我苗条的时候，我感觉像一百万美元，而当我不胖的时候，我会非常沮丧。这么多年来，我几乎每次节食都尝试失败。我决定我不会把体重恢复，但在某些阶段，沿着线，我失去了我的分辨率，它开始蔓延了。..当然，我将来也会面临同样的问题。

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