人教版英语八年级下册词汇拓展及精练
（参考答案）
一
1.stomachache(n.)胃痛；腹痛→stomach(n.) 胃
2.foot(n.)脚；足→feet(复数)
3.lie(v.)躺；平躺→lying(现在分词)→lay(过去式)→lain(过去分词)
4.hurt(v.)(使)疼痛；受伤→hurt(过去式/过去分词)
5.herself(pron.)她自己→themselves她们自己
6.hit(v.)击；打→hitting(现在分词)→hit(过去式/过去分词)
7.knife(n.)刀→knives(复数)
8.important(adj.)重要的→importance(n.)重要性；重要
9.decision(n.)决定→decide(v.)决定
10.death (n.)死亡→die(v.)死→dead(adj.)死的；死亡的→dying(adj.)要死的
11.feeling(n.)感觉；感触→feel(v.)感觉；感到→felt(过去式/过去分词)
12.satisfaction(n.)满足；满意→satisfy(v.)满意→satisfied(adj.)满意的
13.broken(adj.)破损的；残缺的→break(v.) 坏；打破→broke(过去式)→broken(过去分词)
14.difficulty(n.)困难；难题→difficult(adj.)困难的
15.interest(v.& n.)使感兴趣；使关注→interested(adj.)感兴趣的→interesting(adj.)有趣的
二
1.sweep(v.)扫；打扫→swept(过去式/过去分词)
2.throw(v.)扔→threw(过去式)→thrown(过去分词)
3.develop(v.)发展；壮大→development(n.)发展
4.ill(adj.)有病；不舒服→illness(n.) 疾病
5.fair(adj.)合理的；公正的→unfair不合理的；不公正的(反义词)→fairness(n.)合理；公平
6.drop(v.)落下；掉下→dropped(过去式/过去分词)
7municate(v.)交流→communication(n.) 交流
8.clear(adj.)清楚的，易懂的；晴朗的→clearly(adv.)清晰地
9pete(v.)竞争；对抗→comp etition(n.)比赛；竞争
10.usual(adj.)通常的；寻常的→unusual 特别的；不寻常的(反义词)
11.quick(adj.)快的→quickly(adv.)快地
13.argue(v.)争论；争吵→argument(n.)争论；争吵
14.proper(adj.)正确的；恰当的→properly(adv.)正确地；适当地
15.two(num.)二→second 第二(序数词)→second ly(adv.)第二；其次
16.lend(v.)借给；借出→lent(过去式/ 过去分词)→borrow(反义词)借来；借用
三
1.begin(v.)开始→began(过去式)→begun(过去分词)→beginning(现在分词)
2.heavily(adv.)在很大程度上；大量地→heavy(adj.)重的
3.strange(adj.)奇特的；奇怪的→stranger(n.)陌生人
4.wind(n.)风→windy(adj.)多风的
5.match(n.)火柴→matches(n.)(复数)
6.beat(v.)敲打；打败→beat(过去式)→beaten(过去分词)
7.bright(adj.& adv.)明亮的→brighter(比较级)→brightest(最高级)→brightly(adv.)明亮地
8.rise(v.)→升起；增加；提高→rose(过去式)→risen(过去分词)
9.icy(adj.)覆盖着冰的；冰冷的→ice(n.)冰
10pletely(adv.)彻底地；完全地→complete(adj.)完全的
11.silence(n.)沉默；缄默；无声→silen t(adj.)沉默的
13.shoot(v.)射击；发射→shot(过去式/过去分词)
14.hide(v.)隐藏→hid(过去式)→hidden(过去分词)
16.Western(adj.)西方国家的；西方的→west(n.)西方
17.marry(v.)→married(过去式/过去分词)
18.wife(n.)妻子→wive s(复数)
19.shine(v.)发光；照耀→shone(过去式/过去分词)
20.wood(n.)木头→wooden(adj.)木制的；木头的
21.lead(v.)带路；领路→led(过去式/过去分词)
22.sudden(adj.)突然的→suddenly(adv.)突然地
四
1.Asia(n.)亚洲→Asian(adj.& n.)亚洲的；亚洲人
3.protect(v.)保护→protection(n.)保护
4.wide(adj.)宽的；宽阔的→widely(adv.)广泛地
5.achieve(v.)达到；完成→achievement(n.)成就
6.thick(adj.)厚→thin(adj.)薄(反义词)
7.include(v.)包括；包含→including(prep.)包括；包含
8.succeed(v.)实现目标；成功→success(n.)成功→successful(adj.)成功的
9.nature(n.)自然→natural(adj.)天然的
10.weigh(v.)重量是……；称……的重量→w eight(n.)重量
11.birth(n.)出生；诞生→birthday(n.)生日
12.keep(v.)保管；保持→keeper(n.)饲养员；保管人
13.ill(adj.)有病；不舒服→illness(n.)疾病
14.south(n.)南方→southern(adj.)南方的
15.laugh(v.)大笑→laughter(n.)笑声
16.beauty(n.)美→beautiful(adj.)美丽的
17.introduce(v.)介绍→introduction(n.)介绍
五
1.invent(v.)发明→invention(n.)发明
2.believe(v.)相信→unbelievable(adj.)难以置信的
3.rapid(adj.)迅速的；快速的→rapidly(adv.)快速地
4.usual(adj.)通常的；寻常的→unusual不同寻常的(反义词)
5.social(adj.)社会的→society(n.)社会
6.it(pron.)它→itself(反身代词)
7.German(adj.& n.)德国的；德语的；德语；德国人→Germany(n.)德国
8.safe(adj.)安全的→safety(n.)安全→safely(adv.)安全地→dangerous(adj.)危险的(反义词)
9.Indian(adj.)印度的；印度人的→India(n.)印度
10.Japanese(adj.& n.)日本的；日本人的；日本人；日语→Japan(n.)日本
11.fox(n.)狐狸→foxes(复数)
<(n.)记忆；回忆→memorize(v.)记忆
13.scarf(n.)围巾；披巾；头巾→scarves/scarfs(复数)
14.soft(adj.)软的→hard(adj.)硬的(反义词)
15.sweet(adj.)→sweeter(比较级)→sweetest(最高级)
16.honest(adj.)诚实的→honesty(n.)诚实→unhonest (n.)不诚实的(反义词)
17.shame(n.)羞耻；羞愧→shameful(adj.)羞愧的
19.hold(v.)拥有；抓住→held(过去式/过去分词)
专项训练
一
根据句意及括号内所给单词的提示填空。
1. He ________ (lie) down on the sofa and soon fell asleep.
2. I had a really bad ________ (head), and couldn’t go to work.
3. My mother bought a set of kitchen _________ (knife) yesterday.
4. Mr. Miller stressed (强调) the ________ (important) of careful preparation at the meeting.
5. I knew that Tim and I wouldn’t be able to do the whole job by ________ (our).
【答案】1. lay  2. headache 3. knives  4. importance  5. ourselves
二
根据句意及括号内所给单词的提示填空。
1. Do you know the ________ (important) of this piece of information?
2. The ________ (die) of a friend is always sad.
3. Don’t play with ________ (knife). It’s dangerous.
weigh的过去式
4. You’re growing up, so you must learn to stand on your own two ________ (foot).
5. We villagers built that bridge by ________ (we). We had no help from anyone else.
【答案】1. importance 2. death 3. knives 4. feet  5. ourselves
三
根据句意及括号内所给单词的提示填空。
1. I have a ________ (feel) that something terrible is going to happen.
2. Would you have the ________ (kind) to show me the way to the train station?
3. I once asked him if he had any _________ (difficult) in sending five children to school.
4. On the course we received ________ (train) in every aspect (方面) of the job.
5. The waiter ________ (carry) our drinks to the table 5 minutes ago.
【答案】1. feeling  2. kindness 3. difficulty  4. training  5. carried
四
根据句意及括号内所给单词的提示填空。
1. Tom got hit by a car and lost all ________ (feel) in his left leg.
2. The old man touched everyone with his ________ (kind).
3. After a month’s ________ (train), I can drive a car now.
4. Be careful! There is ________ (break) glass here.
5. Would you be ________ (interest) in a second-hand car?
【答案】1. feeling 2. kindness 3. training 4. broken5. interested
五
根据句意及括号内所给单词的提示填空。
1. Jill ________(guess) from the noise that her brothers were home.
2. I spent the whole class ________(copy) notes on the blackboard.
3. Parents watch the ________(develop) of a baby with interest.
4. The girl is always ________(cause) trouble for people.
5. It’s important for us to develop good study ________(skill).
【答案】1. guessed 2. copying 3. development  4. causing5. skills
六
根据句意及括号内所给单词的提示填空。
1. Reading and writing are two different ________(skill).
2. Parents are very important to the ________(develop) of children.
3. What ________(cause) the big fire yesterday?
4. It’s not right ________(copy) your classmates’ homework, Wang Tao.
5. Mary ________(guess) that the letter was from her best friend.
【答案】1. skills 2. development 3. caused 4. to copy5. guessed
七
根据句意及括号内所给单词的提示填空。
1. The man __________(beat) at the door just now but no one answered.

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