高中英语学业水平考试知识点总结如下:
【重点句型】
1、Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.
除非衣服粘在烧伤面上,否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话,可以使用剪刀。
unless是连词,意为“如果不,除非”。在真实条件句中,unless引导的肯定条件状语从句,可以和if...引导的否定状语从句互换。
Unless you change your mind,I won,t be able to help you.
=If you don?t change your mind,I won ’t be able to help you.
除非你改变想法,否则我不能帮助你。
I want you to keep working unless I tell you to stop.
=I want you to keep working if I don’t tell you to stop.
如果我没说让你停,你就得继续干。
注意:unless 不可用于假想的事情,因此当if...not引导非真实条件状语从句时,一般不可改用unless。
例题:单项填空
①All the dishes in this menu, ______ otherwise stated, will serve two to three people.
A. As B. if C. though D. unless
解析: 选D。考查状语从句的引导词。句意为:在这份菜单上的所有菜,除非另外说明,会给两到三个人食用。
②Don’t promise anything ______ you are one hundred percent sure.
A. Whether B. after C. how D. unless
解析: 选D。句意为:除非你有完全的把握,否则不要做出承诺。unless除非。
2、John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.
约翰正在房里学习,突然听到一声尖叫。
此句型中when作并列连词,相当于and then,意为“正当……时,突然”。
常用结构:
正在做……突然……
刚做了……突然……
be about 刚要做……突然……
be on the point of doing sth. 刚要做……突然……
例题:单项填空
①She had just finished her homework _____ her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.
A. When B. while C. after D. since
解析: 选A。由句意可知此处when用作并列连词,意为“这时”。
②We were swimming in the lake ______ suddenly the storm started.
A. When B. while C. until D. before
解析: 选A。when作连词,表示“正在这时”。句意为:我们正在湖中游泳,突然暴风雨来了。
③I ______ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident .
A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred
C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred
解析: 选C。主句要用过去进行时,表示当时正在路上走着;when引导的从句多用一般过去时。
【重点词组】
1、because of 因为…… (注意和because 的区别)
2、 even if (= even thoug)即使,用来引导让步状语从句
3、come up 走上前来,走近,发生,出现 come up with 追上,赶上,提出
4、communicate with sb 和某人交流
5、 be different from… 与……不同
be different in … 在……方面不同
Most of my projects are different in performance.
我多数作品的演奏风格都不同。
6、be based on 以……为基础
7、at present 目前,眼下 for the present眼前;暂时
8、make (good/better/full)use of
9、the latter后者 the former 前者
10、a large number of 大量的 the number of …的数量
11、such as 例如
12、hold on 坚持住,握住不放;(打电话时)等—会
13、… you will hear the difference in the way(that/ in which) people speak.
你会听出人们在说话时的差异。
14、play a role/ part (in) 在…中担任角;在…中起作用;扮演一个角
15、the same …as… 与……一样
16、at the top of…在…顶上
A t the bottom of 在……底部
17、bring up 教养,养育;提出
18、request sb (not) to do sth. 要求某人做/不要做某事
19、be satisfied with…对……感到满意,满足于
20、suggest v. (request,insist…)
I suggested you do what he says. 我建议你按照他说的去做。
I suggest you not go tomorrow. 我想你明天还是不要去了。
His pale face suggested that he was in bad health. 他苍白的脸暗示他身体不好。
注意:insist 意思为“坚持要求”时后面的that从句用虚拟语气;如果insist 意为“强调,坚持认为”的时候,从句可以用任何所需要的时态。例如:She insisted that she didn’t tell a lie.她坚持认为她没撒谎。
21、according to…. 按照… 根据…
【重点时态】
一、一般过去时
1、一般过去时的定义
一般过去时表示过去某一时候或某一段时间所发生了的事情或存在的状态。常与过去时间yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week, once upon a time, the other day, before …, when–clause, in the past连用。如:
①What did you do yesterday? 昨天你干了什么?
②I met Lin Tao this morning. 今天上午我会到了林涛。
③I was there a moment ago. 刚才我在那儿。
2、一般过去时的应用
(1)表示过去某时所发生的动作或存在的状态。如:
Liu Ying was in America last year. 刘英去年在美国。
Jim rang you just now. 吉姆刚才给你打了电话。
(2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常接时间副词often, usually, always, sometimes, every day / week, etc. 如:
①We often went out for a walk after supper. 我们过去常在晚饭后散步。
②We usually played together. 我们通常一起玩。
3、一般过去时对谓语动词的要求
一般过去时的谓语动词要用动词的过去式。动词过去式的构成分规则变化和不规则变化两种形式,不规则变化通常需要逐个记忆,规则变化则遵循以下原则:
①一般在动词后加-ed。如:play—played, offer—offered, weigh—weighed, destroy— destroyed, sign—signed.
②在以字母e结尾的动词后,只加-d。如:like—liked, provide—provided, hate — hated, date—dated。
③在以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词后,则改y为i,再加—ed。如:supply—supplied, fly—flied,
study— studied.
④在以单短元音的重读闭音节结尾且,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-ed。如:plan—planned, refer—referred, regret—regretted, ban—banned.
4、特别说明
有些动词的过去时,如:expect, hope, intend, plan, wanted 等一般过去时,后接不定式的完成时;或它们的过去完成时接不定式的一般式,都可表示过去未曾实现的意图、打算或希望。如:
weigh的过去式①I hoped to have been invited to his wedding party. —I had hoped to be invited to ②his wedding ceremony. 我本希望他来邀请我参加他的婚礼。
③I intended to have joined their games. —I had intended to join their games. 我本打算参加他们的比赛。
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