高考英语语法填空考点讲解与真题分析
专题23真题回顾（二）
Passage 6
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2018全国I）
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ___61___ (long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long ___62___ (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ___63___ (die) early by running. While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it ___64___ (be) more effective at lengthening life ___65___ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ___66___ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___67___ (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise…it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ___68___ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always ___69___ (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give ___70___ a try.
61. 【答案】higher
【解析】句意：据一本健康期刊的证据摘要所说，跑步的人比不跑步的人多活三年。由比较
连词than可知，应用比较级。
62. 【答案】to see
【解析】句意：你不必跑的很快或跑很长时间来验证跑步的好处。这里是目的状语，应用不定式。
63. 【答案】dying
【解析】句意：你可能喝酒、抽烟、肥胖，但是仍然可以通过跑步来降低早死的风险。作介词of的宾语，应用动名词。die是不规则动词，其动名词形式是dying。
64. 【答案】is
【解析】句意：报告说，虽然有规律地跑步不能使人长生不老，但是在延年益寿方面比散步，骑车或游泳更有效。这里说的是研究报告得出的结论，是客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语it是第三人称单数，be动词应用is。
65. 【答案】than
【解析】由比较级more effective可知，应填比较连词than。
66. 【答案】which/that
【解析】句意：这是一个复合句，主句是Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014，从句是______ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes。从句修饰a stu
dy，是一个定语从句。关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词study指物，所以用关系代词which或that引导定语从句。
67. 【答案】causes
【解析】句意：写这一评论的作家中有两名作家做了一项研究，并于2014年发表，研究表明一天只跑5到10分钟，就能降低心脏病和早死的风险。cause意为“病因”，是可数名词，在此作介词from的宾语，且有all修饰，应用复数causes。
68. 【答案】strengthen
【解析】句意：为避免膝盖疼，你可以在柔软的路面上跑步，锻炼来强健你的腿部肌肉，不要往山丘上跑，穿好的跑鞋。空格后面是名词短语，所以空格处应当是动词，与前面的to构成不定式，作目的状语。
69. 【答案】energetic
【解析】句意：跑步花钱少，而且容易做到，总能使人精力充沛。这里作表语，说明跑步的好处，所以用形容词。energy的形容词形式是energetic。
70. 【答案】it
【解析】句意：如果你时间少，你需要用一半的时间来跑步以获得与其他运动相同的益处，所以我们都应该试试跑步。It指前面提到的“跑步”。
                  Passage 7
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2018全国II）
Diets have changed in China —and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country ___61___（grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___64___ (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water ___65___ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased ___66___ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinkin
g water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ___67___ (globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___68___ (start) a soil-testing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission (排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
61. 【答案】has grown
【解析】句意：由时间状语since 2011可知，应用现在完成时。主语the country是单数，助动车用has；grow是不规则动词，其过去分词是grown，故填入has grown。
62. 【答案】the
【解析】句意：在过去的25年里，玉米产量猛增了百分之一百二十五，而大米的产量只增长
了百分之七。in the past … years意为“在过去的……年中”。
63. 【答案】actually   
【解析】句意：人们对于大肉的喜爱实际上是这种变化的幕后推手：很重要的一部分玉米用来喂鸡，猪和牛。这里作状语，修饰谓语动词is，应用副词。actual的副词形式是actually。weigh的过去式
64. 【答案】to improve
【解析】句意：为了改善水质，政府鼓励农民多种玉米，少种水稻。这里是目的状语，应用不定式。
65. 【答案】than
【解析】句意：玉米比水稻需要的水少，产生的化肥残留也比水稻少。由比较级less可知，应填比较连词than。
66. 【答案】pollution
【解析】句意：这一转换减少了国家主要湖泊和水库的污染，并使饮用水更安全。作谓语has decreased的宾语，应用名词；pollute的名词形式是pollution。
67. 【答案】global
【解析】句意：据世界银行统计，中国占全球化肥消费总量的约百分之三十。这里作定语，修饰名词consumption，应用形容词。globe的形容词形式是global。
68. 【答案】started
【解析】句意：中国农业部发现，2005政府实施了一项土壤检测计划，给农民使用化肥进行精确指导，从这一年到2011年间，化肥使用量减少了七百七十万吨。有明确的过去时间2005，应用一般过去时。
69. 【答案】which/that
【解析】句意：中国农业部发现，从2005年政府启动土壤检测计划，对农民使用化肥进行指导，到2011年间，化肥的用量减少了770万吨。这是一个复合句，主句是The Chinese Minist
ry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 从句是when the government started a soil-testing program __________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers。在这个从句中，又包含一个定语从句，即__________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers，从句修饰program，是一个定语从句。关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词program指物，所以用关系代词which或that引导定语从句。

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