英语复习
附表1
缩写形式
缩写形式
一 系动词、助动词与副词的缩写
isn’t=is not can’t=can not haven’t=have not
hasn’t=has not aren’t=are not don’t=do not
doesn’t=does not won’t=will not
二 代词与系动词的缩写
I’m=I am it’s=it is he’s=he is
she’s=she is that’s=that is you’re=you are
they’re=they are we’re=we are
三 疑问词与系动词的缩写
Who’s=who is how’s=how is when’s=when is
What’s=what is where’s=where is
四 代词与助动词的缩写
I’d=I would we’ll=we will we’ve=we have
he’s=he has
同音词
I—eye aunt--- are’t our---hour by---bye---buy
there---their way---weigh hear---here to---two---too
hair---here dear---deer know---no B---bee----be
four---for know---no meet----meat where---wear
right---write it’s---its son---sun high---hi
his---he’s Y---why T---tea R---ah---are
C---see---sea
附表2
现在分词变化规则:1 .一般情况下直接加ingthink---thinking sleep---sleeping study---studyingspeak---speaking say---saying2 .以不发音的字母e结尾的单词,去掉字母e,再加ing这里的e必须不发音,若发音,则不能去掉,如see→seeingwake---waking make---making come---comingtake---takingleave---leaving have---havingdance----dancingride----ridingwrite---writing3.以重读闭音节结尾,呈现“辅,元,辅”结构的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing stop---stopping sit---sitting run---runningforget---forgetting begin---beginning4. 以ie结尾的动词,把ie改为y ,再加ing lie---lying5.以重读闭音节结尾,呈现“辅,元,辅”结构的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing 。
begin,cut, get, hit, run, sit, stop, set, swim, fit, dig, forget等。
只要记住方法,把原形变单数第三人称方法
1、一般情况加S
2、以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的加es
3、y前是辅音改y为i加es
4、特殊情况have变has
empty、empties, emptied emptied
water、waters, watered, watered
sweep、sweeps, swept swept
make 、makes, made, made
set、sets, set, set
weigh的过去式
put、puts, put, put
use、uses, used, used
work, works, worked worked
①直接在动词的后面加上ing,如do→doing,sing→singing,comfort→comforting
②以不发音的e结尾的动词,把e去掉,再加ing,如dance→dancing,hike→hiking
※注意※ 这里的e必须不发音,若发音,则不能去掉,如see→seeing
③最后一个闭音节重读且后面只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写这个辅音字母再加ing,如cut→cutting,swim→swimming
④以ie结尾的动词,要把ie变成y再加ing,如die→dying,lie→lying
以上规则用一句话概括成的口诀就是:直接双写去e,ie变y ing
规则动词的过去式变化如下:
一般情况下,动词词尾加 -ed ,如:
worked played wanted acted
以不发音的 -e 结尾动词,动词词尾加 -d,如: lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped
以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i 再加-ed,如:
studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加 -ed,如: stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped 注:不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。
go - went make - made get - got buy - bought come - came fly-flew
worked played wanted acted
以不发音的 -e 结尾动词,动词词尾加 -d,如: lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped
以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i 再加-ed,如:
studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加 -ed,如: stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped 注:不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。
go - went make - made get - got buy - bought come - came fly-flew
不规则动词的过去式:
a.过去式与动词原形的拼写形式相同:
let → let, put → put, read → read(注意read的过去式读[red])
b. i → a:
begin → began, drink → drank, give → gave, ring → rang, sing → sang, sit → sat, swim → swam
c. i → o:
drive → drove, ride → rode, write → wrote
d. ow → ew:
grow → grew, know → knew, throw → threw
e. 含ough或augh的:
bring → brought, buy → bought, think → thought;catch → caught, teach → taught
f. am is ---was are ---were do---did can---could come---came
不规则动词的过去式平时出现要留心,逐个熟记,注意积累。
附表3
名词变复数变化规则
复数:要表示一个以上概念时,要用名词复数形式
规则变化
1)一般情况下加-s
如book--books(书) desk--desks(书桌)
2)以s ,x ,ch , sh结尾加-es
如box--boxes(盒子) bus--buses(公共汽车)
注意①以 th 结尾加-s, month--months
3)以辅音字母+结尾,变y为i再加- es。
如city--cities(城市) country--countries(国家)
注意以元音+y,直接加s。如:day--days(天),boy--boys(男孩)
4)以o结尾
辅音字母加o结尾名词的加-es
如tomato-tomatoes(西红杮)
potato-potatoes(土豆)
不规则变化
1) 元音字母发变化。
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