状语从句
思考：什么是从句？
I don’t know the girl in red.
I don’t know the girl who is playing under the tree.
从句要素：① 至少要有两个句子
② 要有引导词
一、 什么是状语从句
状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。
I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
You should have put the book where you found it.
I didn’t go because I was afraid.
二、状语从句的分类
1.时间状语从句2.地点状语从句3.原因状语从句4.条件状语从句5.目的状语从句
6.让步状语从句7.比较状语从句8.方式状语从句9.结果状语从句10.伴随状语从句
▲ 常见考点：
考点一、主句与从句的时态呼应问题；
考点二、连接词的选择。
考点三、状语从句与非谓语动词之间的替换；
考点四、根据从句与主句的逻辑关系选用从属连词；
3、时间状语从句详解
1.引导词
（1）基本类：before ,after ,when ,while ,as ,since ,till ,until ,once ,as soon as.
（2）名词类：（由名词词组充当引导词）
the moment ,the minute ,the second ,the instant ,(一…就…)
every time ,each time ,the first time ,the last time
（3）副词类：（由副词充当引导词）
immediately ,directly ,instantly (一…就…)
（4）句型类：
no sooner…than… ,hardly/scarcely…when…（一…就…）
2.引导词具体讲解： timeout was reached
当…时候：It was six o’clock when I got home.
Sb was doing sth when…
1)when 这时 Sb was about to do sth/was on the point of doing sth when…
Sb had just done sth when…
既然: It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes.
既然你能5分钟就走到那儿，再搭出租车真是太傻了。
当…时候(引导持续性动作): He fell asleep while he was reading a book.
2) while 然而(用于句中) : He likes pop music while I am fond of folk music.
虽然,尽管(用于句首) While volleyball is her main focus, she’s also great at basketball.
当…时候;随着 He smiled politely as Mary apologized for her drunken friends.
3) as 因为 You can’t continue with the training as you haven’t recovered from the injury.
尽管 Hot as/though the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired
after the long journey.
正如,正像 The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved in the last two months.
肯定句:主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。He worked until late into the night.
4)till, until
否定句：主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词。
★ not…until 的倒装句式和强调句式
He didn’t consider having a holiday until he retired from teaching three years ago.
倒装句式：Not until he retired from teaching three years ago did he consider having a holiday.
强调句式：It was not until he retired from teaching three years ago that he considered having a holiday.
5) before 在…之前,….才 We had sailed four days before we saw land.
还没来得及 Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.
★ It was +时间段+before sb did sth…(…才)
★ It will be+时间段+before sb does sth (…才)
It was two weeks before we met again.两周之后我们才见面。
It will be two weeks before we meet again. 我们再过两个周才能见面。
6) since 自从… She has been working in this factory since she left school.
既然 Since Babara is no longer my wife, I’m no longer responsible for her debts. 既然芭芭拉不再是我的妻子，我也不用再负责她的债务了。
★ It is/ has been +段时间+ since sb did sth… （自从…以来多长时间）
7) 关于一…就…的表达方式：as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when, once 一…就…
Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. 我刚一到家就开始下雨。
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
8)每次…；每当…;下次…等表达方式：every time, each time, next time, the last time, any time, all the time 等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句。
Every time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.
9) 几个极易混淆的时间状语从句：
1） It was +时间点+when…（当….的时候时间是….）
It was 5 am when we arrived at the village.
2） It was/will be+时间段+before…(没过…就／过了…才)
It was/will be two weeks before we met/meet again.
3） It is /has been +时间段+since…（自从…以来有…）
It is/has been 3 years since we last met.
★突破点：一看be动词的时态，二看时间段还是时间点。
3.时间状语从句和强调句的区别
强调句的句型是：It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分
It was seven o'clock when we reached the station.（状语从句）
=It was "at" seven o'clock "that" we reached the station.(强调句，定语从句）
强调句和时间状语从句的区别是：时间状语从句可以去掉，不影响句子的完整性。而强调句that/who引导的句子是不能去掉的，否则句子就不完整了，单独的“It was at seven o'clock”是错误的。
(四)It is(was)+时间点+that的强调句型 强调句仅是形似，与“when”句型的比较很明显：
1. 强调句时间点部分通常带有介词或后面有副词；
2. 去掉it is(was)……that之后，句子整合成一个完整的句子。
Eg:①It was in the morning that I was robbed in the street. （删除后还原：I was robbed in the street in the morning.） =It was this morning that I was robbed in the street.
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