常用时间介词用法
介词的意义和用法相当复杂、灵活。本文试对考生经常出错的几组时间介词的用法进行探讨,以期对考生备考有所帮助。
一、 at, in
例1 Both Mary and Betty will get married this year. Mary is going to begin their honeymoon
Christmas while Betty _____New Year’s Day.
A. on; on B. at; in C. at; on D. by; on
评析 此题选C。at主要用来表示时点,但也可以表示时段,主要用在某些一年中重要的节日名称之前,不仅表示节日的当天,而且也表示整个节日的期间。但如果节日名称后面紧跟day,那就是表示节日当天,不能用at,而要用on。
例2 Suffering from the terrible earthquake, the victims often awake several times _____the night and sometimes they even cannot sleep _____night.
A. in; at B. at; in C. during; in D. in; during
评析 此题选A。at night表示整个夜晚,或指白天结束、夜幕刚降临时,而in/during the night则指夜间的某一时刻。
二、 in, after
例3 He went abroad for further education _____a few weeks.
He will go abroad for further education _____a few weeks.
A. in; in B. after; after C. in; after D. after; in
评析 此组题选D。in和 after通常表示“在……(时间)以后”,但in一般用于将来时,而after则主要用于一般过去时。
例4 No hurry! The train will be here ________a few minutes.
No hurry! The train will be here __________twelve o’clock.
No hurry! The train will be here __________lunch.
A. after; in; at B. in; after; after
C. after; in; after D. in; after; in
评析 此组题选B。in和 after都可以用于将来时,但有两点不同:(1)in 以现在为起点,而after则以将来为起点。(2)in 后接时段,而after后接时间点或表示某一事件的名词。
此外,in亦可表示“在……(时间)以内”,试比较:
The project was finished in less than two years.
A dynamic train does the journey from Nanjing to Shanghai in about two hours.
We will learn a foreign language well in three years.
分析以上例句,可以看出:(1) in表示“在……(时间)以内”,主要用于一般过去时,也可以用于一般现在时。(2)注意时态的同时,还要注意动词的体性。动词的体性决定了介词in的含义。尤其是和一般将来时连用时,更需加倍注意。一般而言,持续性动词与in时间短语连用时,in表示“在……(时间)以内”;而短暂性动词与in时间短语连用时,in作“在……(时间)以后”解。
三、timeout was reached on, in, during, for
on, in, during, for,这四个时间介词都可以表示时段。一般说来,on表示在某一天,in, during和 for则多表示短于一天或长于一天的时间。但是,特殊情况颇多。
1. in, on
例5 The horrible earthquake struck Wenchuan _____the afternoon when I was travelling there.
A. in B. on C. during D. within
评析 此题选B。morning/afternoon/evening/night前通常用in, 具有泛指的意义,但如果要特指某一天的早晨(下午或傍晚),或对之有一定的描绘,换言之,如morning, afternoon, evening, night有定语修饰,则不能用in,而用on。
2. in, during
例6 I’d like to call on my uncle _____my stay in Beijing this summer. In other words, I can see my uncle again _____the summer.
A. during; during B. in; in C. during; in D. in; during
评析 此题选A。in和 during在表示时段时,很多时候可以互换,意思大致相同。但是在某些表示事件的名词(如stay, visit, meal等)前,宜用during,以表示这些事件的持续时间。此外,与四季的名称连用时,通常in 是泛指,而during是特指。
3. in, for
in和for在表示时段时,所表达的含义不同。前者着重表示某一动作发生于这一段时间之内,
并不考虑其持续时间的长短;而后者强调动作或状态在时间上的持续和不间断,并贯穿于这一段时间的始终。试比较:
I helped my parents with the housework for the summer.
整个夏天,我帮助父母料理家务。
I helped my parents with the housework in the summer.
夏天,我帮助父母料理家务。
4. during, for
例7 There was a terrible storm_____the night; it rained_____four or five hours.
A. during; duringB. during; for
C. for; forD. for; during
评析 此题选B。一般而言,for比during更强调动作的持续和时间的长度。during 通常表示
某一事件发生的时间(when),而for则强调某一动作持续的时间长度(how long)。
例8 My mother was ill in hospital_____two months_____the winter.
A. during; forB. for; for
C. for; duringD. during; during
评析 此题选C。虽然during和for都表示持续时间,表示某一动作或状态发生于某一段时间的始终,但前者通常用于时间长度不确定的、含糊的一段时间之前,而后者既可以和时间长度不确定的,也可以和时间长度确定的一段时间连用。
四、 by, before
例9 The deadline for the assignment is Friday, so you have to finish it _____Friday.
A. by B. before C. on D. at
评析 此题选A。by和before都表示“在……(时间)之前”,但before 不包括当日,而by包括当日。从本题题干的前半句可知,周五是完成这个任务的最后期限,当然包括星期五在内。所以选项B不对。此外,by通常表示的是截止时间,所以一般和完成时连用。例如:
By the end of last year, all the projects for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games had been completed.
五、 from, since
例10 The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will begin _____August 8, 2008.
All people, whether they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need _____the disaster.
A. from; by B. on; from C. since; from D. from; since
评析 此题选D。from 和since都表示时间的起点,但from用于一般过去时,一般现在时或一般将来时,而since则主要用于完成时或完成进行时。
六、 by, till/until
例11 —Can we stay here _____ the weekend?
—Yes, but you’ll have to leave _____Monday midday at the latest.
A. by; until B. by;by C. until; by D. until; until
评析 此题选C。 until/till 和by都是后接一时间点,但是until表示某一持续的动作或状态于某一时刻结束,而by则表示某一动作于某一时刻或之前发生,而且多用于完成时或完成进行时。
例12
Last night Mr. Crook didn’t come back at the usual time. Instead, he met some friends and _____out _____ midnight.
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