2023中考二轮题型点拨 专题08 选词填空
题型概述
选词填空要求学生利用所给的12个词汇或10词汇中(一般有名词,单词、代词,动词,形容词,副词,数词,冠词,介词和连词等)补全一篇有10个空缺的短文。要攻克这一难关,学生除了要进行大量的阅读,积累丰富的语言知识外,还须掌握一定的解题技巧。
方法技巧
技巧一:
在拿到题目后,不要急于看文章,首先对备选的词汇研究几遍,对词性作简单的标记,例如:名词-n.,动词-v.,形容词-a.,副词-ad. 等等。同时对词义作初步的理解。
技巧二:
通读全文,语义完整、适用、合乎逻辑是做好填词的前提。通过上、下文的句子,充分理解短文的内容,注意发现固定搭配关系,凭借语感积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息,根据需要去
备选词汇中寻匹配的答案。
技巧三:
在选定单词后,不要轻率地填入。在填词过程中,需要瞻前顾后,既要符合本句的含义,又要保证句式结构的正确。
★对于名词,要考虑是否要把它变成复数或“所有格”形式。例如:match-matches, friend-friend's/friends'。其他还要考虑名词是否需要变成形容词,例如:sun-sunny, use-useful/useless/used, danger-dangerous;
★对于动词,要有意识地去考虑时态和语态的变化以及非谓语动词形式的变化(动词不定式- to do, 现在分词-doing, 过去分词-done, 固定搭配-enjoy doing sth./used to do sth./have sth. done…);
★对于形容词和副词,要主动去判定它们之间的相互转换,是否需要变成比较级或最高级,还有以及形容词变名词的需求也需考虑,例如:interesting-more /the most interesting, happy-happily,happy -happiness;
★对于代词,注意辨别主格、宾格、名词性和形容词性物主代词或反身代词的用法;
★对于数词,要注意基数词和序数词的变化以及分数和虚实数的用法,例如:three-third, 2/3-two thirds, one thousand/thousands of ;
★对于冠词,只需要在 a或an之间判别,如a girl /an old man;
★对于介词和连词时,就更简单,只要符合上下文逻辑或固定短语搭配,填入即可。
为了方便记忆,试着记住下面的顺口溜:
空前空后要注意,“名词”单复数要牢记,还有 's 不能弃,“动词”注意要变形,“形副”注意要用三种级,要填“数词”请留意,千万别忘 “基” 和“序”,填入“代词”需慎重,五格变化要谨记。
技巧四:
完成填词后,应通读全文,复核校对。检查单词拼写是否正确,是否有时态、语态、惯用法及词语选用上的错误,以确保答案的正确性。最后把答案填入答卷时,切勿错位。
【技巧归纳】
1.统览全局,把握大意。要填的单词肯定是在一定的语言环境中才能确定。只有了解了短文的大意,把握了全局才能主导方向,从而有助于正确理解空缺词所在的句子,缩小词的选择范围。
2.根据语法,判定词性。一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性。进一步缩小词的选择范围,从而正确地选词。
3.利用语境,确定词形。当确定了一个单词的词性后可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式。如动词的人称数、时态、语态、不定式、动词的-ing形式;名词的数和所有格;代词的各种形式及单复数;形容词、副词的比较级以及基数词、序数词的转换形式等。
4.复读全文,验正答案。填完单词后,不可孤立地逐个检查词,而必须将所有填入的词代入文章中,复读全文,仔细检查所填词是否符合文章的情景内容,读起来是否流畅,是否合乎句法,单词拼写是否有误,单词形式是否正确等。发现问题及时更正。通过再读全文,很可能利用语感将个别特别难的空处顺口“读”出来。
【典例】阅读下面的短文,根据短文内容,从下面方框内所给11个词中选择10个意义相符的词,必要时进行词形变化,填入空白处,每空一词。
sleep, chance, base, condition, final, afford, hard, fast, who, with |
I love movies. Among all of them, I prefer movies that I can get inspiration from.The Puruit Happiness is such a movie. This movie is 51 on a true story of Chris Cardner, a salesman 52 tried to build a future for himself and his 5-year-old son Christopher.
Chris Cardner was having a 53 life in San Fracisco in 1981. His wife hated to have a poor life,, so she left them.
While trying to sell his products, Cardner met Jay, a successful stockbroker. His new relationship with Jay helped him get a 54 to work in a stock company. But he could not get any pay during the early minths. Without any pay, he could not 55 the apartment .He and his son had to 56 on the streets or homeless shelters
base的形容词Cardner never let other people know about his bad 57 . He arrived at theoffice early and stayed late every day. As an inte4lligent man, Cardner developed a number of ways to mak
e his work 58 and better. 59 he got the job. 60 his confidence and the love and the trust of his son, Cardner opened his own company. And his story encouraged me to realize my dream.
解题步骤
一)、本短文备选词性分析
n. Sleep, chance, base, condition, final
v. Sleep, afford,base adj.hard fast final
adv. Hard, fast pron. who
prep. with
二)、关键词等解题依据
❶ This movie is 51 on a true story of Chris Cardner, a salesman 52 tried to build a future for himself and his 5-year-old son Christopher.
51题依据be based on 这一固定搭配短语,意思是“根据、以.....为根据”
52题前打了逗号,而句子却没有连词,说明逗号后面不是句子而是短语,因此a salesman 并不是作主语,而tried是动词,很有可能作谓语,因此用who引导定语从句,修饰salesman.
❷ Chris Cardner was having a 53 life in San Francisco in 1981.
冠词a + 单数名词 因此53题应起修饰作用,常用adj.
❸His new relationship with Jay helped him get a 54 to work in a stock company.
a + 单数名词 其后动词不定式作名词的后置定语,故填名词
❹Without any pay, he could not 55 the apartment .He and his son had to 56 on the streets or homeless shelters
55题依据去情态动词 + 动词原形 故填动词
56题依据have to + 动词原形 故填动词
❺Cardner never let other people know about his bad 57 .
57题依据形容词物主性代词/ 形容词修饰名词 故填名词
(6)Cardner developed a number of ways to make his work 58 and better.
58题应与better 并列同作宾语的补足语 make + 宾语+ 宾语的补足语
(7) 59 he got the job
59题位于句首,不影响句子的结构完整,很有可能是adv. 位于句首作状语。
(8) 60 his confidence and the love and the trust of his son, Cardner opened his own company.
句子中间的停顿为逗号,却又不到连词,且逗号前为名词性质的短语,因此可以断定前一部分为短语,且在句中作状语,因此填介词,构成介词短语作状语
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