UNIT 2 English around the world
一.重点词汇
< than one 不止一个
more than one+n.意思“不止一个”虽语义表复数,但做主语时谓语动词要用单数形式、
More than one house was burnt in the fire.
不只一间房屋在火灾中被烧毁.
短语:no more than 仅仅,不过
Not more than 不超过
2.even if 即使(引导让步状语从句)
若从句、主句都表示将来情况,even if从句可用一般现在时代替将来时
We have decided to visit the park,even if it rains tomorrow.
我们已经决定明天去博物馆,即使明天下雨。
辨析!even if 与even though
even if从句的内容不肯定,而even though从句的内容则是事实。
He will not let out the secret even if he knows it.
即使他知道这个秘密,他也不会说出来。(他不一定知道秘密)
He will not let out the secret even though he knows it.
他虽然知道这个秘密,但他不会说出来。(事实,他知道这个秘密)
3e up的含义
(1)走进,上来(2)日、月升起(3)被提及(4)尤指意外发生(5)出席(6)发芽
4.over 的词义
(1)介词,相当于during,指时间,意为“在...期间”“直到...过完”(指直到某一时间终了,截止并包括该时间)Can you stay over Christmas? 你能过完圣诞节再走嘛?
正在进行...的时候”
(2)介词,“一边...一边....”“
We talk over a cup of tea. 我们一边喝茶,一边谈话。
(3)超过(=more than)
(4)结束,完结Class is over.
5.base n. 基础
短语:base sth. on/upon sth.建立于...之上以...为根据
be based on 以...为基础/根据
6.actually adv. 事实上
同义短语:in face = as a matter of fact = in yeality
7.presnt adj. 在场的,出席的,现在的
注意!present 做前置定语时意思为:现在的如:the present situation 现在的情况
Present作后置定语时意思为:出席的如:all the student student出席的所有学生
短语:at (the)present 目前,现在
be present at 参加...(宴会)
8municate v. 传达,通知
短语: sb. 将某事传达给某人
9.词义辨析close 与closely
两者均为副词,close可表示形容词
一般用close修饰介词短语,强调“距离”的概念
例句:Someone followed close behind me. 某人紧跟着我.
Closely修饰动词或过去分词,强调抽象的“紧密地”的含义
例句:This problem is closely connected with me.这个问题与我有紧密的关联.
短语close to可译为“靠近,接近”
现在快五点了.
例句:It’s close to 5;00 now.
10.rule vi./vt. 统治n.规则
As a rule = usually 通常,一般来说
by rule 按照规则
out of rule 与规则相悖
10.make use of 使用,利用=take advantage of (后者一般带贬义彩)
与use相关的短语:
(1)make good use of 好好利用
(2)make full use of/make the best of/make the most of充分利用
(3)come into use 开始被使用
(4)put to use 利用,使用
11.latter adj. 后者
the latter后者the former 前者
the latter half of year 后半年
12.identity n. 本身,身份
词义变化identify v. 辨别,鉴别
identification n. 识别,身份(ID)
短语:expect sb. to do sth. 期盼某人做某事
expect to do sth. 想要做某事
I expect so.我想是这样的.
辨析:expect 与wait for
(1)expect主要指心理状态,含有期盼的意味
例句:She is expecting her son to come back home.她期盼儿子回家.
(2)wait for则指一种行动,特别指什么也不干而专门等待。
例句:She is waiting for the bus. 她在等车.
在含request的表语从句,同位语从句中,应用虚拟语气时态(一般是should+动词原型),其中should可以省略。
例句:The teacher requested all the students (should) finish the homework.
老师要求所有同学完成家庭作业.
短语:request sth. of/from sb. 向某人请求某物.
request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
应某人之请求
at one’s request of = at the request of sb.
be in request 有需要on/upon request 一经请求
15mand v.命令指挥n.命令
短语:give a command 下命令
have (a)good command of ...精通...
at one’s command 随心所欲地
be in command of 统帅...
由...指挥...
be under one’s command = be under the command of
command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
comamnd+that从句(用法同request)
16.direction n. 方向
短语:in one direction 朝某一方向
in all directions 朝四面八方
under the direction of = under o ne’s direction 在某人的指导下
in/from the direction of 朝着(来自)...的方向
短语:ba recognized as 被认为...
recognize sb. to be ...承认某人是...[来源:1]
承认...
18.include v. 包括
including 通常为介词,可以与过去分词included替换,包括...在内
The band played many songs,including some of my favorites.
例句The band played many songs,some of my favorites included.
这个乐队演奏了许多乐曲,包括有些我最喜欢的.
辨析:include与contain
include表示“包含,收在里面,列在里面”
contain表示“里面(装)有,包含,含有,容纳”
19.辨析especially与specially
especially表示“尤其,特别,格外”
specially表示“专门地,特别地”
20.辨析:几个“例如“的区别
such as用来列举事物。放在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间,后面直接跟名词,
没有逗号,一般不与and so on连用。for example用来举例说明,有时可以作为独立句插在句子中,后一般用逗号。
such不可以将前面所述的数量全部列出.而,namely,that is/that is to say可以表示全部列举.
例句:I like students who are careful with lessons such as Mary,Lisa.
我喜欢上课用功的学生,像Mary,lisa.
Ball games for examle basketball,has sprend around the world
球类运动,像篮球,已经在全世界传播开来.
I have 3 friends namely/that is/that is to say Tom,Jhon and Jack.
我有三个朋友,Tom,Jack和Jhon.
21.辨析such与so的区别
(1)有名词没有形容词的用such 如:such a hurry如此急
(2)有形容词/副词没有名词的,用so. 如:so good 如此好
(3)形容词名词紧挨用such 如:such a good boy 如此好的男孩
(4)形容词名词分开用so 如:so good a boy 如此好的男孩
(5)限定词(many,much,few,little)后紧跟so。如:so many cakes 如此多的蛋糕.
(6)such如果与no,all,most some,any,another,many,much,few,little,several,one等词连用时,such置于这些词之后.
base的形容词如:There are many such books on sale.这有许多这样的书甩卖.[来源:学.科.网Z.X.X.K]
There is no such person here. 这没有这样一个人.
22.since,because,as ,for的区别(因为)
(1)because引起的从句表示直接的原因。
The lamp has gone out because there is no oil in it.
因为灯里没有油了,所以灯灭了.
(2)for别偶是附带说明的原因,特别是逻辑不严密的推断性原因,且不能置于句首.
There must be no oil in the lamp,for it has gone out.
灯里肯定没有油了,因为灯灭了.
(3)since(=now taht)指说话双方都知道的原因.
Since everyone is here,let us begin.
既然人都到齐了,那我们开始吧!
(4)as表示十分明显的原因
As I am ill ,I will not go.
因为我病了,我就不去了
23.because、why与that引导表语从句辨析
三者都可以引导表示原因的表语从句
(1)because表示一种动作或状态的根本原因
(2)why虽译成“因为“但实质上表示结果.
(3)that引导的表语从句表示原因,主语通常是reason或what引导的主语从句。
在the is that结构中也只能用that引导.
hard. That was why she failed in the exam.(加结果)
She didn’t study
She failed in the exam. That was because she didn’t study hard.(加原因)
What caused the accident was the driver drove too fast.(主语从句+表语从句)24.qiuckly,fast,rapidly辨析
(1)qiuckly指动作敏捷,迅速,不迟疑。在短时间内完成或发生某项动作. She dressed quickly and went out
(2)fast主要指运动着的人或物体速度快
He ran fast.
(3)rapidly主要指一个或一连串的动作迅速,敏捷,着重动作本身.
They moved rapidly toward the city.
25.表示“许多“词义单词用法归纳
26. 名词前的修饰顺序
(1)前位限定词all,both,
(2)中位限定词冠词,形容词性物主代词,some,these,any等
(3)后位限定词基数词,序数词[来源:学#科#网]
(4)性质状态good,honest,ugly,kin d等
(5)大小,长短,高低
(6)新旧
(7)颜[来源:学_科_网]
(8)产地,国籍
(9)质地,材料[来源:1ZXXK]
(10)用途动名词walking,writing,sleeping等
(11)名词中心词desk(cloth),car(wheel)等(括号内为修饰的名词)
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