The Millennium Myth of the Sun and Grapes
    South America is a continent located in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest.
    South America includes 13 beautiful countries and regions. South American continent can be divided into three terrains from west to east: the western narrow and long Andes, the central vast flat lowlands, the eastern undulating plateaus. They make up its layered terrain and patchwork landscape. The rainforest and the sunlights, grapes and the rivers, as well as the millenary cities of civilization and the modern international metropolises, decorate South America into a dreamy world.
The Sunshine, Rain and Dew in the Trpoical Forest, and the Wild Nature of the Mysterious Valley
    The Amazon Rainforest also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon Basin of South America. The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests, and it comprises the largest and most species-rich tract of tropical rainforest in the world.
The Geographical Position and Historical Origin of the Rainforest
    This basin encompasses seven million square kilometers, of which five and a half million square kilometers are covered by the rainforest. This region includes territory belonging to nine nations. The majority of the forest is contained within Brazil, with 60% of the rainforest, followed by peru with 13%, Colombia with 10%, and with minor amounts in, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana.
    The first Portuguese explorers called the Amazon "Maranon", meaning "maze". Because some people complained:"It is the maze that only God can solve." Then it evolved into the name of Maranhao, Brazil. The name Amazon is said to arise from a war Francisco de Orellana fought with a tribe of Tapuyas and other tribes from South America. The women of
亚马逊雨林在哪the tribe fought alongside the men, as was the custom among the entire tribe. In 1542, the Spanish explorer Francisco de Orellana was attacked by Indians when he was exploring the Amazon region. The tribal fighters were all tall and white women, and they seemed to be the Amazon warriors in the Greek mythology. So Orellana derived the name Amazonas from the ancient Amazons of Asia and Africa and Africa described by Herodotus and Diodorus in Greek legends.
Ecological Beautiful: Plants and Trees, Birds and Beasts in the Rainforest
    The rainforest likely formed during the Eocene era in the Tertiary period. It appeared following a global reduction of tropical temperatures when the Atlantic Ocean had widened sufficiently to provide a warm, moist climate to the Amazon basin. The rain forest has been in existence for at least 55 million years, and most of the region remained free of savanna type biomes at least until the current ice age, when the climate was drier and savanna more widespread.
    Based on archaeological evidence from an excavation, human inhabitants first settled in
the Amazon region at least 11,200 years ago. Subsequent development led to late prehistoric settlements along the periphery of the forest by AD 1250.
    Wet tropical forests are the most species-rich biome, and tropical forests in the Americas are consistently more species rich than the wet forests in Africa and Asia. As the largest tract of tropical rainforest in the Americas, the Amazonian rainforests have unparalleled biodiversity. One in ten known species in the world lives in the Amazon Rainforest. This constitutes the largest collection of living plants and animal species in the world.
    The region is home to about 2.5 million insect species, tens of thousands of plants, and some 2,000 birds and mammals. To date, at least 40,000 plant species, 2,200 fishes, 1,294 birds, 427 mammals, 428 amphibians, and 378 reptiles have been scientifically classified in the region. One in five of all the bird species in the world live in the rainforests of the Amazon, and one in five of the fish species live in Amazon rivers and streams. Scientists have described between 96,660 and 128,843 invertebrate species in Brazil alone.
    The biodiversity of plant species is the highest on Earth with some experts estimating tha
t one square kilometer may contain more than a thousand types of trees and thousands of species of other higher plants. According to a 2001 study, a quarter square kilometer of Ecuadorian rainforest supports more than 1,100 tree species.

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