指示代词：表示"那个"、"这个"、"这些"、"那些"等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this，that，these，those等。
说明1：指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人，例如：
　(对)That is my teacher.　那是我的老师。（ that作主语，指人）
　(对)He is going to marry this girl.　他要和这个姑娘结婚。（this作限定词）
　(错)He is going to marry this.　（this作宾语时不能指人）
　(对)I bought this.　我买这个。(this指物，可作宾语)
说明2：
  That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和 these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人，试比较：
　(对) He admired that which looked beautiful.　他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。
　(对) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人）
　(错) He admired that who danced well.　（that作宾语时不能指人）
　(对) He admired those who danced well.　他赞赏跳舞好的人。（those指人）
　(对) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。（those指物）
(  ) 1 Who's that at the door? ____ is the postman.
A. She B. This C. It D. He
(  ) 2 -Who's that in the picture?    A. It's me B. That's I C. This is a boy D. It's I
(  ) 3 -Look, who is coming?    -___ must be our English teacher.
A. She B. He C. It D. This
(  ) 4 Someone is knocking at the door, but who can____ be?
A. one B. he C. she D. it
(  )5___ was late summer and the weather was very hot.
A. That B. It C. This D. It's
(  ) 6. What time is ____ now?
A it B. all C. this D: that
(  ) 7.___ a heavy rain last night.
A. There had B. We had C. It was D. There is
(  ) 8. ___ is 200 kilometres from here to the natural park. We have to go there by car.
A. There B. It C. This D. The place
8、不定代词：代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。
单数
含义
some
any
no
none
/
/
each
every
one
Either
either
so
the other,
another
不可数
含义
much
Little,
a little
all
/
/
/
/
复数
含义
many
few,
a few
ones
both
someday是什么意思others,
the others
※注：复合不定代词有12个：something(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人), anything(任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(没事),nobody(没有人), no one(没有人), everything(一切), everyone(每个人), everybody(每个人). 
(1)some和 any 的用法：
some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如：I have some work to do today. (今天我有些事情要做)/ They will go there some day.(他们有朝一日会去那儿)
some 用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如：Would you like some coffee with sugar?(你要加糖的咖啡吗？)
any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。如：They didn’t have any friends here. (他们在这里没有朋友)/ Have you got any questions to ask?(你有问题要问吗？)
any 用于肯定句时,意思是“任何的”。Come here with any friend.(随便带什么朋友来吧。)
(2)no和none的用法：
no是形容词,只能作定语表示,意思是“没有”,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。如：There is no time left. Please hurry up.(没有时间了,请快点) / They had no reading books to lend.(他们没有阅读用书可以出借)
none只能独立使用,在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语,意思是“没有一个人(或事物)”,表示复数或单数。如：None of them is/are in the classroom.(他们当中没有一个在教室里) / I have many books, but none is interesting.(我有很多的书,但没有一本是有趣的) 
(3)all和both的用法：
all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词；也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。
both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。all和both在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。如：I know all of the four British students in their school.(他们学校里四个英国学生我全认识) / --Would you like this one or that one? –Both.(你要这个还是那个？两个都要。)
all和both既可以修饰名词(all/both+(the)+名词),也可以独立使用,采用“all/both + of the +名词(复数)”的形式,其中的of 可以省略。如：All (of) (the) boys are naughty.(是男孩都调皮)
(4)every和each用法：
every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念；
each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念；each可以放在名词前,可以后跟of短语,与动词同时出现时要放在“be动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前
every和each都用作单数理解,但是下文中既可以用单数的代词(如he/him/his)也可以用复数的代词(如they/them/their)替代。如：Every one of the students in his class studies very hard.(他班上每个学生学习都很用功) / They are very busy. Each of them has something to do.(他们很忙,人人都有事干)
(5)either和neither的用法：
either意思是“两个中间的任何一个”；neither是either的否定形式,意思是“两个都不”。
neither和either在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等,都用作单数。如：I don’t care much for what to drink. Either of the two will do. (我不介意喝些什么,两个之中随便哪个都行) / --Will you go there by bus or by car? –Neither. I will go there by train.(你坐公车去还是坐轿车去？一个都不坐,我坐火车去。)
(6)other、the other和another的用法：
other意思是“另一”、“另一些”,有复数形式。在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语。another意思是“另外”、“又一个”,表示增加,在句中可作宾语和定语。如：
Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking.(有些女孩在大苹果树下唱歌,别的就躺在草地上说话)  /  You have had several cakes. Do you really want another one?(你已经吃了好几块饼子了,你真的还要一块？)  /  I want another four books.(我还要四本书)
another(另外的,再一,又一)与the other(另外的一个) 主要从数量上区分,只有两个时用the other,在原先基础上增加用another。如： This is one of your socks. Where is the other
one?(这是你的一只袜子,还有一只呢？) / I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another.(我已经吃了4块蛋糕,但是我还要以块。)
others与the others的主要区别：others指“剩余的人/物”(指大部分)；the others指“其余的人/物”,(指全部)。如：A few students are playing soccer while others are watching them.(有几个学生在踢足球,其他一些人在观看) / Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them.(十个男孩中有两个站着,其他人都围着他们坐着。)

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