as if 用法归纳
1． as if 从句的作用 as if一般可由as though来代替。
引导表语从句，可在look, seem等系动词后。如：
He looked as if / though he was ill. 他看起来好像生病了。
It seems as if it is going to rain.看来好像要下雨了。
引导方式状语从句。如：
I remember the whole thing as if / though it happened yesterday.
The child talked to us as if he were a grown-up. 那个小孩跟我们讲话就像个大人一样。
2． as if 从句的语气及时态
①as if从句用陈述语气。当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，
It sounds as if it is raining. 听起来像在下雨。
He talks as if he is drunk. 从他说话的样子来看他是醉了。
②as if从句用虚拟语气。 当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时，
表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去式。如：
You look as if you didn’t care. 你看上去好像并不在乎。
When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken．
表示与过去或与谈话时间为止发生的事实相反，谓语动词用“had +过去分词”。如：
He talked about the Great Wall as if he had been there before.说起长城来好像他以前去过那里。
The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone.女孩听着，一动也不动，像已经变成了石头。
表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would / could / might + 动词原形”。如：
He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 他张开嘴好像要说什么。
It looks as if it might snow.  看来好像要下雪了。
3． as if从句中的省略。如果as if 引导的从句是“主语+系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词等成份，这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、 形容词（短语）或动词-ing形式等。
He acts as if (he was) a fool.  他做事像个傻子。
He paused as if (he was going) to let the sad memory pass.
The girl left the room hurriedly as if (she was) angry. 女孩匆忙离开房间，好像生气的样子。
From time to time, Jason turned round as if (he was) searching for someone.
词汇学习
1. A smelly gas came out of the cracks.
smelly : smell+ y = adj.       smell n./v    (smelt/ smelled)
扩展: n.+y构成形容词
blood----        mud----          sun-----        cloud----        rain----     
wind---          taste----        dream----        ice----        greed----   
  fat----          fog-----          health→        wealth →
4. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.
think of 想起，考虑
think little of 不重视，忽视            think nothing of 认为没什么
think badly/poorly /ill of 对……看法不好，评价很低
think well/much / highly/a lot/ a great deal of 对……重视/高度评价
5. It seemed as if the world was at an end.
. at an end= finished  结束，终结（作表语）
★ We were very happy when the work was at an end.
★at the end of “在…尽头；在…末”
★by the end of  “到/截止……末”；主句一般用完成时
★in the end 意思“最后、终于”= at last/ finally
1. Wash your hands at the end of_ the experiment.
2. How many English words had you learned by the end of_ last term?
3. He tried various jobs and_in the end_ became a teacher.
7.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。
  lie( lay lain) 处于某种状态;躺，平躺，平卧 平放
中文
原形
cracks什么意思中文过 去 式
过去分词
现在分词
说明
放置产卵
lay
laid
laid
laying
及物动词
躺;位于
lie
lay
lain
lying
不及物动词
说谎
lie
lied
lied
lying
不及物动词
11.shock  n.震惊 打击     His sudden death was a great shock to his family.
shock   vt. 使震惊 使震动
People were shocked (shock).我们对这个消息感到震惊。
We were shocked at the news. 
The news is shocking(shock)
表示情感的动词 excite, surprise, interest, bore, move, shock, disappoint, satisfy,
变为形容词时可加ing(指物）或加ed (指人）
短语句型过关
burst into sth. = burst out doing  It seemed as if      at an end= finished 
think well / highly of     in ruins      It is no wonder (that )= No wonder (that)
all…not … = not all…该句为部分否定
be buried in…= bury oneself in…

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