修辞目的题 Rhetorical Purpose Question
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旨在问作者提到某信息所使用的修辞/目的
遵循原文，不要主观臆测
题目识别：
Why does the author discuss X ?
What’s the main purpose of X?
The author discusses X in order to ?
常见修辞目的：
Provide an example    举例子
Give a definition      下定义
Illustrate…            阐述说明（一个观点）                 
Argue/Support…      支持(一个观点)
Refute/Argue against    反对(一个观点)
Compare/Contrast…    与…对比
Differentiate…        区别…
解题方法一：向前一步法
最常见的说明方式：观点在前例子在后即
TS （Topic Sentence） + D （ Detail）
固定问答模式1：问D， 答TS
1. In paragraph 2, why does the author include the information that dinosaurs had flourished for tens of millions of years and then suddenly disappeared?
原文：If an impact is large enough, it can disturb the environment of the entire Earth and cause an ecological catastrophe. The best-documented such impact took place 65 million years ago at the end of the Cretaceous period of geological history. This break in Earth's history is marked by a mass extinction, when as many as half the species on the planet became extinct. While there are a dozen or more mass extinctions in the geological record, the Cretaceous mass extinction has always intrigued paleontologists because it marks the end of the age of the dinosaurs. For tens of millions of years, those great creatures had flourished. Then, suddenly, they disappeared.
答案必然与intrigue paleontologists 有关
○To support the claim that the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous is the best-documented of the dozen or so mass extinctions in the geological record
documented evidence○To explain why as many as half of the species on Earth at the time are believed to have become extinct at the end of the Cretaceous
○To explain why paleontologists have always been intrigued by the mass extinction at the e
nd of the Cretaceous
○To provide evidence that an impact can be large enough to disturb the environment of the entire planet and cause an ecological disaster
解题方法二：向后一步法
其次作者会使用的说明方式：例子在前结论在后即
D （ Detail） + CS （Conclusive Sentence）
固定问答模式2：问D， 答CS
2. In paragraph 2, why does the author provide the information that children with low verbal skills showed evidence of remembering a past event?
When researchers had one year olds imitate an action sequence one year after they first saw it, there was correlation between the children's verbal skills at the tie they first saw the event and their success on the later memory task. However, even children with low verb
al skills showed evidence of remembering the event; thus, memories may be facilitated by but are not dependent on those verbal skills.
However的出现代表并非为了说明前方概念，应向后搜寻
O To provide evidence that memories do not depend only upon verbal skills
O To challenge the idea that one year olds are too young to form memories
O To argue that the memory of one year olds depends only on action-based codes
O To suggest that Piaget later revised his findings on the correlation between memory and verbal ability
解题方法三：贴近主旨法
如果和所问信息紧邻的前、后语句均无明显说明关系，则为
TS + D1 + D2 + …… + Dn
或    D1 +D2 +…… + Dn + CS
固定问答模式为： 问任何D， 均答 TS / CS
3. In paragraph 3 the author mentions William Murdoch’s invention of a new form of nighttime illumination in order to
Paragraph 3: Watt‘s steam engine soon showed what it could do. It liberated industry from dependence on running water．The engine eliminated water in the mines by driving efficient pumps, which made possible deeper and deeper mining. The ready availability of coal inspired William Murdoch during the 1790s to develop the first new form of nighttime illumination to be discovered in a millennium and a half. Coal gas rivaled smoky oil lamps and flickering candles, and early in the new century, well-to-do Londoners grew accustomed to gas-lit houses and even streets. Iron manufacturers which had starved for fuel while depending on charcoal also benefited from ever-increasing supplies of coal; blast furnaces with steam-powered bellows turned out more iron and steel for the new machinery. Steam became the motive force of the Industrial Revolution as coal and iron ore
were the raw materials．
Oindicate one of the important developments made possible by the introduction of Watt's steam engine
Omake the point that Watt's steam engine was not the only invention of importance to the Industrial Revolution
O illustrate how important coal was as a raw material for the Industrial Revolution
Oprovide an example of another eighteenth-century invention that used steam as a power source
分析：前后句均非被说明的主旨，因此需要先确定本段主旨才能选择
段落主旨为首句： Paragraph 3: Watt‘s steam engine soon showed what it could do. 答案必与段落主旨一致。

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