Widespread adoption of Bt cotton and insecticide decrease promotes  biocontrol  services
Bt棉花的广泛采用和杀虫剂的减少提升了生物控制服务功能
Over the past 16 years, vast plantings of transgenic crops producing insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have helped to control several major insect pests 1–5 and reduce the need for insecticide sprays1,5,6.
在过去的16年里,广泛的种植转基因作物产生的来自于苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bt) 的杀虫蛋白有助于控制几个主要害虫1-5以及减少对杀虫剂喷雾的需要1,5、6.
Because broad-spectrum insecticides kill arthropod natural enemies that provide biological control of pests, the decrease in use of insecticide sprays associated with Bt crops could  enhance biocontrol services7–12.
因为用途广泛的杀虫剂是杀死节肢动物的天敌,提供对虫害的生物控制，减少使用杀虫剂喷雾相关的苏云金杆菌作物可以增强生物控制服务功能。
However, this hypothesis has not been tested in terms of long-term landscape-level impacts 10.
然而,这个假设没有检测从长远角度来看,大面积的影响。
On the basis of data from 1990 to 2010 at 36 sites in six provinces of northern China, we show here a marked increase in abundance of three types of generalist arthropod predators (ladybirds, lacewings and spiders)and a decreased abundance of aphid pests associated with widespread adoption of Bt cotton and reduced insecticide sprays in this crop.
从1990年到2010年在中国北方六省的36个站点获取的数据基础上,这里显示三种类型的多面手节肢动物天敌(瓢虫、草蜻蛉和蜘蛛) 大量的增加，苏云金芽孢杆菌棉花中的大量蚜虫也大量的减少以及杀虫剂喷洒量在这种作物中减少。
We also found evidence that the predators might provide additional biocontrol Services spilling over from Bt cotton fields onto neighbouring crops (maize, peanut and soybean). O
ur work extends results from general studies evaluating ecological effects of Bt crops1–4,6,12,13 by
demonstrating that such crops can promote biocontrol services in agricultural landscapes.
我们还发现证据表明,捕食者可能会提供额外的生物防除服务，从Bt棉花领域蔓延到邻近的作物(玉米、花生和大豆)。我们的工作扩展结果来自于研究评估Bt农作物的生态效益，通过证明这样的作物可以促进生物防除功能在农业领域。
Biological control is a valuable ecosystem  service 14,15,but increasingly intensive farming strongly influences the populations of natural enemies and the biocontrol services they provide16–18
生物防治是一种有价值的生态系统服务，但是越来越多的集约农业强烈地影响自然天敌的数量以及他们提供的生物防除功能。
However, landscape bio-diversity management and restricted use of pesticides may enhance
biocontrol services in agro-ecosystems and could thus favour the development of sustainable farming7–9.
然而,大范围的生物多样性管理和限制使用的农药可能增强生物防护功能在农业生态系统中的作用,从而支持可持续农业的发展。
Genetically engineered crops That express d-endotoxins (Cry proteins) from Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt) have been increasingly implemented by farmers in many countries since1996, and more than 6.6×107ha of Bt crops were planted world-wide in 2011 (ref.19).
来自苏云金杆菌(Bt) 表达为d木糖(哭的蛋白质)的转基因作物，自从1996年，在许多国家已经被越来越多的农民应用,2011年超过6.6×107公顷在全球范围内种植。
Bt crops have successfully controlled several major insect pests， and led to a drastic decrease in insecticide use on these crops.
Bt作物已经成功控制的几个主要的昆虫，导致了这些作物中杀虫剂的使用大幅度的减少。
documented翻译
Because insecticide applications have been gradually reduced in Bt crops, their widespread adoption may benefit natural enemies and may therefore potentially enhance associated ecosystem services such as the control of arthropod pests.
由于杀虫剂的使用逐渐减少在Bt作物,其广泛采用可能天敌会受益，因此可能潜在地提高相关的生态系统功能,如控制节肢动物。
This last point has not yet been documented, especially with regard to the long-term landscape-level impacts10.
最后这一点尚未记录,尤其是关于长期广泛的影响。
From the 1970s, insecticides were applied extensively to control cotton bollworm (CBW), Helicoverpa armigera, the most serious Insect pest on conventional cotton in China. However, control became almost impossible in the early 1990s because the pest became resistant to most insecticides, and unprecedented outbreaks in 1992 led to a wide overuse of insecticides.
从70年代,杀虫剂被广泛应用到控制棉铃虫(CBW),在中国棉铃虫是最常见的严重害虫在棉花中。然而,在早期90年代，控制变得几乎不可能，因为害虫能够抵抗大多数的杀虫剂,在1992年导致了前所未有的广泛的过度使用杀虫剂在1992年爆发。
Consequently, in 1993, the Chinese government requested systematic insecticide applications in wheat crops for the control of the first-generation CBW; that is, before the following generations colonized cotton crops.
因此，在1993年，中国政府要求把系统性杀虫剂作用于控制小麦作物作为第一代控制棉铃虫; 也就是说,在下一代殖民棉花作物之前。
Although insecticide use decreased in cotton, this measure was not sustainable because insecticide applications were increased on wheat crops, resulting in both higher costs and environmental pollution.
虽然杀虫剂使用减少在棉花中, 这一措施并不是可持续的,因为杀虫剂的应用却在小麦作物中增加了, 导致了更高的成本和环境污染。
Bt cotton was therefore approved in 1997 for commercial use to control CBW, and it became the Chinese government’s key measure against this cotton pest.

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