第一作业
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The mango is native to southern Asia, especially Burma and eastern India. It spread early on to Malaya, eastern Asia and eastern Africa. Mangos were introduced to California (Santa Barbara) in 1880.
芒果原产于南亚，尤其是在缅甸和印度东部。它在很早的时候就传到了马来西亚、东亚和东非。在1880年，芒果被引进了加利福尼亚州（圣芭芭拉）。
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The mango exists in two races, one from India and the other from the Philippines and Southeast Asia. 芒果现在有两个品种，一种来自印度，另一种来自菲律宾和南亚。The Indian race is intolerant of humidity, has flushes of bright red new growth that are subject to mildew, and bears monoembryonic fruit of high color and regular form. 印度的那支可以不能忍受潮湿，新生的鲜红的嫩芽很容易被霉菌感染，有泽饱满、形状规则的单胚胎的果实。The Phili
ppine race tolerates excess moisture, has pale green or red new growth and resists mildew.菲律宾的那支能够在更加潮湿的环境下继续生长出浅绿或者红的嫩芽并且抵御霉菌。 Its polyembryonic fruit is pale green and elongated kidney-shaped. 它的多胚胎的果实是浅绿的并且呈现细长的肾的形状。
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Mangos basically require a frost-free climate. 芒果基本上需要无霜冻的气候环境。Flowers and small fruit can be killed if temperatures drop below 40° F, even for a short period. 即使是在很短的时间内，花朵和幼果会被低于extensive翻译40华氏度的温度损伤。Young trees may be seriously damaged if the temperature drops below 30° F, but mature trees may withstand very short periods of temperatures as low as 25° F. 如果温度低于30华氏度，年幼的小树会被严重损伤，但成熟的树可以在极短时期内忍受低至25华氏度的温度。The mango must have warm, dry weather to set fruit. 芒果树必须在温暖、干燥的气候下结果。Mangos luxuriate in summer heat and resent cool summer fog. Wet, humid weather favors anthracnose and poor fruit set. 芒果喜欢夏季的炎热，讨厌夏季的凉雾。潮湿的天气更容易导致病和果实的减产。
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Mango trees make handsome landscape specimens and shade trees. They are erect and fast growing with sufficient heat, and the canopy can be broad and rounded, or more upright, with a relatively slender crown.芒果树成为一种漂亮的景观代表树，并且是一种遮阴树。只要有充足的热量，它生长的会非常快，相对于细长的冠来说，芒果树冠会呈圆形四周扩散或向上生长。The tree is long-lived with some specimens known to be over 300 years old and still fruiting. 芒果树和其他一些超过300年的树一样长寿并且依旧能够结果。In deep soil the taproot descends to a depth of 20 ft, and the profuse, wide-spreading feeder roots also send down many anchor roots which penetrate for several feet.深层土壤中的主根向下延伸了20英尺，并且丰富的、广泛蔓延的营养根也发展了许多向下穿透了几英尺的固定根。
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The leaves are dark green above and pale below, usually red while young. 那些树叶在上面的是深绿，下面的是浅绿，而当新生是通常是红的。The midrib is pale and conspicuous and the many horizontal veins distinct.叶中脉是很明显的浅，和那些 平行的
经脉全然不同。Full-grown leaves may be 4 to 12.5 in. long and 3/4 to 2 1/8 in. wide, and are generally borne in clusters separated by a length of naked stem bearing no buds. 成熟的叶子大概4~12.5英尺长，通常集结在一起与一段没有花苞的裸露的茎秆分开。These naked stems mark successive flushes of growth. Each flush of growth will harden off to a rich green color before the next flush of growth begins.这些裸露的茎不断长出嫩芽。在下一片新芽出生之前，每一片新芽的生长都会变硬成为深绿。
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The yellowish or reddish flowers are borne in inflorescences which appear at branch terminals, in dense panicles of up to 2000 minute flowers.树枝末端的花簇中的浅黄和浅红的多达2000的花穗结出了果实。These flowers respire a volatile substance, causing allergic and respiratory problems for some persons. 这些花朵散发出易挥发的物质，导致一些人出现过敏和呼吸道问题。Pollinators are flies, hoverflies, rarely bees. 授粉者是苍蝇、食蚜蝇和一些少见的蜜蜂。Few of the flowers in each inflorescence are perfect, so most do not produce pollen and are incapable of producing fruit. 极少花丛中的花是完美的，所以大多数
没有花粉，也不能结出果实。Pollen cannot be shed in high humidity or rain. Fertilization is also ineffective when night temperatures are below 55° F.花粉在极度潮湿的环境或雨天不能传播。当夜晚温度低于55华氏度时受孕也会无效。 Mangos are monoecious and self-fertile, so a single tree will produce fruit without cross pollination. Polyembryonic types may not require pollination at all. 芒果树是自我受精的雌雄同体，所以不需要花粉传播一棵树自己也会结果。多胚胎的品种则完全不需要授粉。
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The fruits grow at the end of a long, stringlike stem (the former panicle), with sometimes two or more fruits to a stem.（ 水果长在一根长的、笔直的茎杆的末端，有时一根茎杆可以结两个或更多的果实。）The fruits are 2 to 9 inches long and may be kidney shaped, ovate or (rarely) round.（水果2到9英寸长，有肾形、卵形或（很少）圆形。） They range in size from 8 ounces to around 24 ounces.（ 它们的大小从8盎司到24盎司不等。）The leathery skin is waxy and smooth, and when ripe entirely pale green or yellow marked with red, according to cultivar.（ 如革质般的果皮柔软而光滑，根据品种的不同，它们成熟时或完全淡
绿或黄红。）It is inedible and contains a sap that is irritating to some people. （果皮是不能吃的，含有种会使一些人发炎的树液。）
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The flesh of a mango is peachlike and juicy，with more or less numerous fibers radiating from the husk of the single large kidney-shaped seed．（芒果的果肉鲜美多汁，带有或多或少众多源自单个大肾形种子外壳的纤维。）Fibers are more pronounced in fruits grown with hard water and chemical fertilizers．（用硬水和化学肥料种植的芒果中的纤维更为明显）The flavor is pleasant and rich and high in sugars and acid．（香味宜人，富含糖类和酸。）The seed may either have a single embryo，producing one seedling，or polyembryonic，producing several seedlings that are identical but not always true to the parent type．（种子可能是单一的胚胎，产生一苗；或多胚，产生的几株苗是相同的但并不总是真正的母型生产。）Some seedlings produce numerous tiny，parthenocarpic fruits which fail to develop and abort．（一些幼苗产生无数微小的单性果实，他们不能发展，会夭折。）Mango trees tend to be alternate bearing.（芒果树往往是隔年结果。）
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The mango grows to a good size and casts a dense shade,but the roots are not destructive．（芒果长到一个很好的尺寸时，会投射出一层浓密的阴影，但根是没有被破坏的。）It requires full sun and perfect air drainage in winter．（在冬季，根需要充分的阳光和完美的空气排水）It does best at the top or middle level of a slope．（它最好在一个斜坡的顶部或中等水平）A windbreak should be provided in exposed areas．（防风林应设置在暴露区域）The trees may also need staking．（树木也需要立桩标界。）In the desert it needs the shade of other trees；or plant on the north side of the house．（在沙漠中，它需要其他树木的荫影；或是房子北面的植物）Mangos will grow in almost any well-drained soil whether sandy，loam or clay，but avoid heavy，wet soils．（芒果几乎可以在任何排水良好的土壤生长，不管是沙质、肥土还是黏土，但避免重、湿土）A pH between 5.5 and 7.5 is preferred．（5.5到7.5之间的PH值是首选）They are somewhat tolerant of alkalinity.（它们有点耐碱性）For good growth，mangos need a deep soil to accommodate their extensive root systems．（为了更好的成长，芒果需要深层土壤以容纳其广泛的根系统。）

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