附录A英文翻译原文
From the world of radio in the world to a single chip
Modern computer technology, industrial revolution, the world economy from the capital into the economy to knowledge economy. Field in the electronic world, from the 20th century into the era of radio to computer technology in the 21st century as the center of the intelligent modern era of electronic systems. The basic core of modern electronic systems are embedded computer systems (referred to as embedded systems), while the microcontroller is the most typical and most extensive and most popular embedded systems.
1, radio has created generations of excellence in the world
Fifties and sixties in the 20th century, the most representative of the advanced electronic technology is wireless technology, including radio broadcasting, radio, wireless communications (telegraph), Amateur Radio, radio positioning, navigation and other telemetry, remote control, remote technology. Early that these electronic technology led many young people into the wonderful digital world, radio show was a wonderful life, the prospects for science and technology. Electronics began to form a new discipline. Radio electronics, wireless communications began e-world journey.
Radio technology not only as a representative of advanced science and technology at that time, but also from popular to professional fields of science, attracting the young people and enable them to find a lot of fun. Ore from the bedside to the superheterodyne radio radio; report issued from the radio amateur radio stations; from the telephone, electric bell to the radio control model. Became popular youth radio technology, science and technology education is the most popular and most extensive content. So far, many of the older generation of engineers, experts, Professor of the year are radio enthusiasts. Fun radio technology, radio technology, comprehensive training, from basic principles of electronics, electronic components to the radio-based remote control, telemetry, remote electronic systems, has trained several generations of technological excellence.
2, from the popularity of the radio era to era of electronic technology
The early radio technology to promote the development of electronic technology, most notably electronic vacuum tube technology to semiconductor electronic technology. Semiconductor technology to realize the active device miniaturization and low cost, so more popular with radio technology and innovation, and to greatly broaden the number of non-radio-control areas.
The development of semiconductor technology lead to the production of integrated circuit, forming the
modern electronic technology leap from discrete electronics into the era of era of integrated circuits. Electronic design engineers no longer use the discrete electronic components designed circuit modules, and direct selection of integrated circuit components constitute a single system. They freed the design of the circuit unit dedicated to system design, greatly liberating the productive forces of science and technology, promote the wider spread of electronic systems.
Semiconductor integrated circuits in the basic digital logic circuits first breakthrough.A large number of digital logic circuits, such as gates, counters, timers, shift registers, and analog switches, comparators, etc., for the electronic digital control provides excellent conditions for the traditional mechanical control to electronic control. Power electronic devices and sensor technology to make the original to the radio as the center of electronic technology turned to mechanical engineering in the field of digital
control systems, testing in the field of information collection, movement of electrical mechanical servo drive control object.
Semiconductor and integrated circuit technology will bring us a universal age of electronic technology, wireless technology as the field of electronic technology a part of.
70 years into the 20th century, large scale integrated circuit appeared to promote the conventional elec
tronic circuit unit-specific electronic systems development. Many electronic systems unit into a dedicated integrated devices such as radios, electronic clocks, calculators, electronic engineers in these areas from the circuit, the system designed to debug into the device selection, peripheral device adapter work. Electronic technology, and electronic products enriched, electronic engineers to reduce the difficulty, but at the same time, radio technology, electronic technology has weakened the charm. The development of semiconductor integrated circuits classical electronic systems are maturing, remain in the large scale integrated circuit other thanthe shrinking of electronic technology, electronic technology is not the old days of radio fun times and comprehensive engineering training.
3, from the classic era of electronic technology to modern electronic technology of the times
80 years into the 20th century, the century of economic change is the most important revolution in the computer. The computer revolution in the most important sign is the birth of the computer embedded applications. Modern computer numerical requirements should be born. A long period of time, is to develop the massive computer numerical duty. But the computer shows the logic operation, processing, control, attracting experts in the field of electronic control, they want development to meet the control object requirements of embedded applications, computer systems. If you meet the massive data-processing computer system known as general-purpose computer system, then the system can b
e the embedded object (such as ships, aircraft, motorcycles, etc.) in a computer system called the embedded computer. Clearly, both the direction of technology development are different. The former requires massive data storage, handling, processing and analysis of high-speed data transmission; while the latter requires reliable operation in the target environment, the external physical parameters on high-speed acquisition, analysis and processing logic and the rapid control of external objects. It will add an early general-purpose computer data acquisition unit, the output driver circuit reluctance to form a heat treatment furnace temperature control system. This general-purpose computer system is not possible for most of the electronic system used, and to make general-purpose computer system meets the requirements of embedded applications, will inevitably affect the development of high-speed numeric processing. In order to solve the contradiction between the development of computer technology, in the 20th century 70s, semiconductor experts another way, in full accordance with the electronic system embedded computer application requirements, a micro-computer's basic system on a chip, the formation of the early SCM (Single Chip Microcomputer). After the advent of single chip in the computer industry began to appear in the general-purpose computer systems and embedded systems the two branches. Since then, both the embedded system, or general-purpose computer systems have been developed rapidly.
Although the early general-purpose computer converted the embedded computer systems, and real embedded system began in the emergence of SCM. Because the microcontroller is designed specifically for embedded applications, the MCU can only achieve embedded applications. MCU embedded applications that best meet
environmental requirements, for example, chip-level physical space, large-scale integrated circuits low-cost, good peripheral interface bus and outstanding control of instruction.
A computer system microcontroller core, embedded electronic systems, intelligent electronic systems for the foundation. Therefore, the current single chip electronic system in widespread use of electronic systems to enable rapid transition to the classical modern intelligent electronic systems.
4, single chip to create the modern era of electronic systems
1 A microcontroller and embedded Systems
Embedded computer systems from embedded applications, embedded systems for early general-purpose computer adapted to the object system embedded in a variety of electronic systems, such as the ship's autopilot, engine monitoring systems. Embedded system is primarily a computer system, foll
owed by it being embedded into the object system, objects in the object system to achieve required data collection, processing, status display, the output control functions, as embedded in the object system, embedded system computer does not have an independent form and function of the computer. SCM is entirely in accordance with the requirements of embedded system design, so SCM is the most typical embedded systems. SCM is the early application of technical requirements in accordance with the design of embedded computer chip integration, hence the name single chip. Subsequently, the MCU embedded applications to meet the growing demands of its control functions and peripheral interface functions, in particular, highlight the control function, so has international name the single chip microcontroller (MCU, Microcontroller Unit).
2 MCU modern electronic systems consisting of electronic systems will become mainstream
MCU is a device-level computer systems, it can be embedded into any object system to achieve intelligent control. Small to micro-machinery, such as watches, hearing aids. Low-cost integrated device-level, low-to a few dollars, ten dollars, enough to spread to many civilian SCM appliances, electronic toys to go. SCM constitutes a modern electronic systems has in-depth to the households, are changing our lives, such as home audio, televisions, washing machines, microwave ovens, telephones, security systems, and air conditioners. SCM innovation the original electronic systems, su
ch as microwave ovens use SCM, it can easily set the clock, the program memory, power control; air conditioner after use of SCM is not only convenient for remote parameter setting, running automatically transform, frequency control can be achieved. At present, many household appliances such as VCD, DVD only single chip to achieve its function may occur before.
3 Embedded Systems led the entire electronics industry
Current electronic components industry, in addition to microprocessors, embedded system devices, the most modern electronic systems around the supporting components industries, such as keys used to meet the human-computer interaction, LED / LCD display drivers, LED / LCD display units, voice integrated device, etc., to meet the requirements of data acquisition channel digital sensor, ADC, data acquisition module, signal conditioning modules to meet the servo drive control in the DAC, solid state relays, stepper motor controller, frequency control unit, etc., to meet the communication requirements various bus driver, level converters.
Electronic components in the embedded systems world, driven by embedded applications along fully meet requirements of modern electronic systems development.This makes the original classic world of increasingly small electronic
extensive翻译
systems. Practitioners in the various electronic systems to modern electronic systems as early as possible to stay.
5, SCM will create a new generation of electronic elite
If the 50's, radio has created several generations of the world elite, then today's SCM will create a new generation of e-world elite.
1 A single chip with you to the intelligent electronics
If we as a dead classic electronic system electronic system, then the intelligent modern electronic systems is a "life" of the electronic system. Application System of hardware, electronic systems, "body", microcontroller applications, the application gives it "life." For example, in the design of intelligent machines monitor display, it can boot the system self-test results show, not to enter the work shows a variety of stand-by state, equipment run-time display running processes, work can be displayed after the end of the current results, self results, raw data, reports and other various processing. Unattended, it can run automatically given a variety of functions.
Intelligent electronic systems for the endless realm, often without additional hardware resources can a
chieve all kinds of renovated function. It is also present in many household appliances feature a large number of additional factors.
2 single chip computer with you to the industrial area
The 21st century is the century of humanity into the computer age, many people are not used in the manufacture of computer is the computer. People using the computer, only the people engaged in embedded system applications really into the internal computer system hardware and software systems, can we truly understand the nature of the computer's intelligence and grasp the knowledge of intelligent design. MCU applications starting from the learning technology applications in today's computer software training, hardware and technical personnel of one of the best roads.
3 SCM bring you into the most attractive in the digital world
Charming single chip to enable you to experience the true meaning of the computer, you can design intelligent microcontroller hands-on toys, different applications can be designed to achieve different functions. Both software design and hardware making there, both mental and physical, but also hands. Primary level can develop intelligent toys, with macro programming. Intermediate levels can develop some intelligent controller, such as computer mouse, smart cars, all kinds of remote control model. Hig
h levels can be developed robots, such as robot soccer, the development of industrial control units, network communications, and high-level language with assembly language or design application. Microcontroller and embedded systems around the formation of the future of the electronics industry, will provide a vast world of electronic fans, an even broader than the current wireless world, richer, more durable, more attractive in the digital world. Plunge into the microcontroller in the world to, will benefit your life.
附录B英文翻译译文
从无线电世界到单片机世界
现代计算机技术的产业革命，将世界经济从资本经济带入到知识经济时代.在电子世界领域，从20世纪中的无线电时代也进入到21世纪以计算机技术为中心的智能化现代电子系统时代.现代电子系统的基本核心是嵌入式计算机系统(简称嵌入式系统)，而单片机是最典型，最广泛，最普及的嵌入式系统.
一, 无线电世界造就了几代英才
在20世纪五六十年代，最具代表的先进的电子技术就是无线电技术，包括无线电广播，收音，无线通信(电报)，业余无线电台，无线电定位，导航等遥测，遥控，遥信技术.早期就是这些电子技术带领着许多
青少年步入了奇妙的电子世界，无线电技术展示了当时科技生活美妙的前景.电子科学开始形成了一门新兴学科.无线电电子学，无线通信开始了电子世界的历程.
无线电技术不仅成为了当时先进科学技术的代表，而且从普及到专业的科学领域，吸引了广大青少年，并使他们从中到了无穷的乐趣.从床头的矿石收音机到超外差收音机；从无线电发报到业余无线电台；从电话，电铃到无线电操纵模型.无线电技术成为当时青少年科普，科技教育最普及，最广泛的内容.至今，许多老一辈的工程师、专家、教授当年都是无线电爱好者.无线电技术的无穷乐趣，无线电技术的全面训练，从电子学基本原理，电子元器件基础到无线电遥控，遥测，遥信电子系统制作，培养出了几代科技英才.
二, 从无线电时代到电子技术普及时代
早期的无线电技术推动了电子技术的发展，其中最主要的是真空管电子技术向半导体电子技术的发展.半导体电子技术使有源器件实现了微小型化和低成本，使无线电技术有了更大普及和创新，并大大地开阔了许多非无线电的控制领域.
半导体技术发展导致集成电路器件的产生，形成了近代电子技术的飞跃，电子技术从分立器件时代走进了电路集成时代.电子设计工程师不再用分立的电子元器件设计电路单元，而直接选择集成化的电路单元器件构成系统.他们从电路单元设计中解放出来，致力于系统设计，大大地解放了科技生产力，促进了电
子系统更大范围的普及.
半导体集成电路首先在基本数字逻辑电路上取得突破.大量数字逻辑电路，如门电路，计数器，定时器，移位寄存器以及模拟开关，比较器等，为电子数字控制提供了极佳的条件，使传统的机械控制转向电子控制.功率电子器件以及传感技术的发展使原先以无线电为中心的电子技术开始转向工程领域中的机械系统的数字控制，检测领域中的信息采集，运动机械对象的电气伺服驱动控制.
半导体及其集成电路技术将我们带入了一个电子技术普及时代，无线电技术成为电子技术应用领域的一个部分.
进入20 世纪70 年代，大规模集成电路出现，促进了常规的电子电路单元的专用电子系统发展.许多专用电子系统单元变成了集成化器件，如收音机，电子钟，计算器等，在这些领域的电子工程师从电路，系统的精心设计，调试转变为器件选择，外围器件适配工作.电子技术发展了，电子产品丰富了，电子工程师的难度减少了，但与此同时，无线电技术，电子技术的魅力却削弱了.半导体集成电路的发展使经典电子系统日趋完善, 留在大规模集成电路以外的电子技术日益减少，电子技术没有了往昔无线电时代的无穷乐趣和全面的工程训练.

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