外文翻译
Rapid construction of the embankment dam
Abstract :In recent decades, the soil core rockfill dam has gradually become the world's construction of the high dam-one of the mainstream, With the new earth and the huge investments in machinery and construction technology of filling a higher level, Meanwhile dams in-depth testing, greatly expanding the embankment dam scope of the materials and the use of materials for model for more extensive embankment dam will provide favorable conditions to change the long-standing embankment dam with a long construction period, Filling the lack of low intensity, and further accelerate the progress of the construction, Filling in ensuring construction quality and safe operation under the premise to explore the rapid construction of embankment dams it is very necessary thing.
Key words : embankment dam Rapid construction Construction
1 Overview
Also known as the embankment dam dam local materials, the necessary soil in situ stone mining in general, but can also make full use of the excavated material. having to basic requirements, low deforma
tion based on the character, filling construction, and can be divided into RCC-grade. Fill-rockfill dam, directional blasting rockfill dam, the hydraulic fill dams, hydro-filled dam and masonry dam in different ways. Parabolic which administered rockfill dam no longer, directional blasting rockfill dam late settlement exist, not be planted within the dam prototype observation equipment shortage, which are rarely used, hydraulic fill dams, Fill the water main in a special area of the lower dam height of the small and medium projects, the masonry dam strictly speaking belongs masonry dam category, At present, the extensive use of thin sections and the hierarchical compaction roller compacted embankment dam.
2 The need for rapid construction
With the dam construction technology, concrete gravity dam dam the technology continues to improve, while the rubber dam and other new dam-constant use, there is a traditional embankment dam filling a large quantity of a long time to build the shortcomings become extremely prominent, how to fully exploit the technology itself embankment dam low, right foundation adaptability, full use of local materials to the traditional advantages to speed up the construction schedule, as Pa-an important option. Filling in ensuring the quality of construction and safe operation of the rapid construction premise is that the parties are concerned.
2.1 Based on the uncertainty, the need to accelerate the progress of measures
With the hydropower development progress in basic bad place to build a large embankment dams, In order to meet the capacity and infrastructure foundation impervious to the needs, often based on the completion of treatment can only be reclaimed after construction, however, foundation of a more complicated, especially in deep-cover construction projects, infrastructure projects are large, unpredictable factors, often need cutoff Vibroflotation, curtain grouting, grouting consolidation of the foundation for the integrated treatment, handling difficult and complex examination, Based on the number of projects, foundation treatment completion and handover of face time is often more work plan by the time lag. Filling started causing delay and the next gate or the completion of water storage often not be adjusted, resulting in an effective filling time, Construction units have had to resort to quick construction of measures will be scheduled according to the contract (or even ahead of) completion of the project.
2.2 Hydro-meteorological, filling intensity of the proposed new standards
Embankment dam of the hydro-meteorological factors are extremely sensitive and in the rainy season, soil moisture greatly influenced, directly restricts dam reclamation, construction intensity will be affecte
d; winter, the soil on the cold, and if it does not take active measures is impossible to filling and filling winter rainy season, there is a high input, low output of the predicament, Construction units are often reluctant to assume, therefore, take full advantage of filling the "golden season," try to avoid winter construction of the rainy season (or reduce the amount of filling winter rainy season), the construction unit is the first choice of the relative, the "golden season," filling the quantity of work is often very substantial. Rapid construction can be avoided winter rainy season generous amount of filling the most important issue.
2.3 New Construction equipment and materials massive expansion of the scope of application is the basis for rapid construction
extensive翻译With the improvement in the degree of mechanization, large capacity of earth and equipment used in construction, improved ergonomics, thus laid for the rapid construction of the necessary material foundation for the formation of materials to expand the scope of application. the original dam material unsuitable materials can also be used as filling material, this rapid filling of the embankment dam with a new pillar.
3 Field data mining
Yard of the embankment dam importance is self-evident, it is also most likely to affect the smooth filling of the dam weaknesses, according to engineering practice. Generally, the material yard depth of geological exploration work is far less dam, especially the largest
volume filling of rockfills. Several exploratory often alone or topographic survey conducted geological description of the venue, and changes in the tender documents is a great possibility, or geological conditions undergone major changes. tender documents into useful information useless information, or mining area is smaller, to create large-scale mining (or stairs mining), is not conducive to large-scale mining machinery. can directly control dam Regular filling, grading sound, but also can affect the dam fast filling the key In impermeable soil, the water level of the dam could also become the key to rapid filling, therefore, sound and carefully reviewed for yard work and rehabilitation investigation it is particularly important to do a good job yard rechecking and reserve calculation, be aware of. If those conditions for the best in the dam filling part of the former reserves expected to peak lowering finished Pinggu.
3.1 Road Construction
To meet the need for rapid construction of a large number of machinery and equipment investment is i
nevitable, At present, more and more vehicles to transport large tonnage trends, the number of transport vehicles also require a corresponding increase on the road increasingly high demand, the practice has proven that better roads, transport vehicles higher attendance, Filling a corresponding increase efficiency, the saying goes, "is the road repair, road construction is progress" is the reason, General projects have adopted the mud stone pavement, if those conditions for the local traffic is heavy use lots of concrete pavement, will greatly improve transport efficiency on the road layout, as far as the actual layout of the Central Bank into a two-lane, vehicles to avoid interference and improve the efficiency of cycling.
3.2 Rapid construction of the main methods and attention to the matter
Completed all the preparations have reclaimed conditions, the construction units, as planned dam filling. strengthen the convergence process, reduce intermediate links, is the rapid construction of the highest priority.
3.2.1 Reasonable zoning routine dam, filling work is the key to rapid construction
Because it was larger than the embankment dam for the dam surface area routine provided the necessary scenes, generally be divided into processes Shop filling materials, paving, watering and co
mpaction, quality control, etc., If impermeable soil surface planing will be conducted hair, according to the actual situation, the Section will be divided into several processes with a few, If Section few equal to the number of manufacturing processes, people, machines, not idle; If the number is greater than Section several processes, people, planes idle, and idle; If the section of less than a few processes, people, machines leisure, not idle land, not the normal routine, Section conducted a number of operations and the number
of identified and classified, there are several ways. Because of the reclamation works before the situation is not very clear, generally use existing equipment to their calculation, by the demands and routine matters preliminary to draw up the number of processes, the working of the area and the number of Section, According to pre-filling equipment and the running time of the statistics, further amendments to ensure an orderly manner.
3.2.2 Ping filling up with the Provisional Section Filling
To speed up the construction schedule, the general-use starting filling construction and construction - has several advantages : reducing the seams, then Singapore, cutting processes, ensuring the quality of filling; ensure the greatest possible surface rock filling, benefits large mechanized construction; to co
ntinue after filling in when entering the layout of the material impervious road construction; Transport filter materials and transition material is not large dump truck across the impermeable material; to reduce errors and materials sector-adjacent material when filling up the inter-linking of RCC; Construction of the dam balanced strength, In impermeable soil and filter material filling transition relations, after the first soil and sand sand soil first two practices, In order to accelerate progress and the control of borders, in general, are used in the construction of sand soil.
3.2.3 Large equipment investment
Dam filling in volume under certain circumstances, to shorten the filling time, it is inevitable to increase filling strength, Filling the strength and ability to achieve the desired purpose, equipment investment is very important, although the new equipment, keep large equipment into projects, but the present belongs to the overall construction of water conservancy vicious competition, the successful low-cost environment, in a project into a large number of new equipment, equipment for the construction of high-intensity more difficult, therefore, We can see that in many projects, small and medium-sized projects with a construction equipment to complete the construction of major projects. Practice has shown that this small carts of malathion does not guarantee the dam fast, the normal construction, For example, the RCC advanced equipment, shop rockfill material thickness can reach 1.5 m or even 2m,
and regular use of the 16 plane crushed not only RCC ~ 1.0 m 0.8% obviously filling equipment to see the progress of the impact.
3.2.4 Winter Construction strengthen research and organizations, is to speed up the dam filling a direction
Because of the winter, Dam filling (especially impermeable soil sites) are often at the stage of filling or not filling very low intensity, Filling caused by the dam, in general, in southern China, the impact of Winter Construction 2 ~ 3, and the North, Winter Construction longer
than the South, and how to maintain a normal winter construction accelerate the dam filling a matter of orientation, as this issue is a breakthrough, Quick filling embankment dam will bring a qualitative leap.
Therefore, rapid construction, it should be the owners and the construction of a correct view of the issues, such as settlement and the arch effect, use finite element analysis and prototype observation equipment laid for the actual measurement, and to monitor stress and deformation of the dam; Dam to aggregate gradation control, good size distribution during the construction period to try and fill dense lower late settlement; use large, The vibration of heavy rolling equipment, and improve the degree of compaction to reduce porosity measures; In order to achieve a balanced construction, parties should b
e from a scientific point of view, comprehensive and accurate analysis and reasonable period to maximize the use of resources to achieve the goals, It is not a simple high demand, speed and efficiency, in order to achieve rapid construction, property owners and construction units, a "win-win" goal.
References :
[1] Embankment dam during flooding period of construction characteristics and strength of the construction mitigation measures Libing
[2] Xiaolangdi dam filling construction technology and construction Wangbi
[3] Sichuan water conservancy embankment dam with the dam construction materials brief Luenxi
[3] Chang Reservoir dam after the closure of the rapid construction Xinyuqing
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