知识点精析与应用
1.how many, how much
how many后接可数名词复数,对数量的“多少”提问,如:
How many tomatoes do you want?你想要多少西红柿?
how much后接不可数名词,对数量的“大小”或“金额”的多少提问,如:
How much water is there in the glass?杯里有多少水?
How much are the things?这些东西多少钱?
2.all, both
(1)作代词时,both表示“两者”,“两者都”,修饰复数名词。它作主语时,谓语动词用复数。all指三者或三者以上“都”,意为“所有的人或物”,“一切”。all可修饰可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词用复数;也可修饰不可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Both are good.二者都好。
I don't know which book is better. I shall read both.
我不知道哪本书好,因此两本书都读。
It is hard to please all.使人人都满意是很难的。
All is over.一切结束了。
(2)all和both充当主语同位语时,其位置是紧跟主语之后,实义动词前,也可放在be动词之后。如:
The boys all like playing soccer.孩子们都喜欢踢足球。
They both want to stay at home.他们两个人都想要呆在家里。
These things are all beautiful.这些东西都很美。
My parents are both teachers.我父母都是老师。
(3)用作形容词时,all表示“所有的,一切的,全部的,整个的”,可修饰可数名词复数,也可修饰不可数名词;both表示“两者……都”。二者皆用于定冠词、指示代词、所有格名词以及其他形容词之前。如:
All the children are in the classroom.孩子们都在教室里。
He spent all the money.他花光了所有的钱。
I want both these books.两本书我都要。
Both his brothers are doctors.他的两个哥哥都是医生。
3.each和every
(1)each是从个体着眼,every从整体着眼。each可用于两者或两者以上,every只用于三者或三者以上。如:
We each have a new book.我们每人各有一本新书。
There are trees on each side of the street.街的两旁有树。
He gets up early every morning.每天早晨他都起得早。
Every boy in our class likes playing soccer.我们班上的男孩都喜欢踢足球。
My uncle gave a present to each one of us.我叔叔给我们每个人一件礼物。
(2)each可以用作形容词、副词和代词,every只用作形容词。如:
Each has his own task.人人都有自己该做的工作。
Each of the children has his own bike.孩子们每人都有自己的自行车。
They each want to do smnething different.他们每个人都想做不同的事情。
He gave the children one book each.他给每个孩子一本书。
注意:every可以和not连用表示否定,each则不能这样用。如:
Not every man can do it.并不是每个人都能做这件工作。
4.cloth, clothes, clothing, dress
cloth指做衣服用的材料(布料、毛料、丝绸等),它是物质名词,不可数,没有复数形式。如:
a piece of cloth一块布料(不能说a cloth)
How much cloth does it take to make a coat for the child?给这个孩子做件上衣要多少布?
注意 cloth指“具体用途的布”时,是可数名词。如:
a table cloth一块桌布 a dish cloth擦盘子的布clothes统指各种衣服,包括外套、西装、衬衣、裤子、裙、鞋、帽等,不指单件衣服。它不能和表示具体数目的数词连用,如不能说a clothes, two clothes。但可以说many(these, a few, my)clothes。作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
She has many clothes.她有许多衣服。
These clothes are new.这些衣服都是新的。
All of her clothes were made by her mother.
她的所有的衣服都是她母亲做的。
clothing是衣服、服装的总称,集体名词,只有单数形式。作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
food, clothing and shelter衣、食、住
Our clothing protects us from the cold.衣服为我们御寒。
A coat is an article of clothing.上衣是一件衣服。
dress指外面穿着的衣服,有修饰的意味,尤其指妇女的连衣裙及某种特殊场合下穿的服装(礼服)。如:
evening dress晚礼服 court dress法官服
I haven't got a dress for the ball! 我还没有参加舞会的衣服呢!
She looks pretty in her pink sunmer dress.她穿着那件粉红的夏季连衣裙显得很漂亮。
He doesn't care much about dress.他不大讲究衣着。
5.excuse me 和 (I'm)sorry
当我们要说的话、要做的事可能引起对方不便或可能打搅对方时,或者我们要引起对方注意时,事先常说 excuse me。如:
Excuse me, is this ruler yours?对不起,这把尺子是你的吗?
Excuse me, where is my book?劳驾,我的书在哪儿?
Excuse me, just a moment.对不起,请等一下。
当我们做错了事或说错了话之后表示歉意时,常用sorry。如:
Sorry, I don't know.对不起,我不知道。
I'm sorry. But I can't go to the office today.抱歉得很,我今天不能上班。
I'm sorry, I've got the wrong number.很抱歉,我拨错了电话号码。
Sorry, I'm late.对不起,我迟到了。
6.look, see, watch
look意味着集中注意力地看,是有意的,强调动作。它是不及物动词,如果跟宾语,要和at连用。如:
Please look at the picture.请看这相片。
see强调结果,意为“看见,看到”。如:
Can you see a bird in the tree?你能看见树上的一只鸟吗?watch表示所看事物的变化、移动和发展。如:
We watched them swim.我们观看他们游泳。
look at和watch的区别在于look at注意的是它后面的宾语,watch注意的是它后面宾语的举动。如:
I am looking at the boy.我在注视着这孩子。
I am watching the boy.我在注视着这孩子的举动。
语法
部分关于购物的表达用语
A.Can/May I help you?我可以帮忙吗?/你买什么?
What can I do for you?我能为你做什么?/你买什么?
How many/ much would you like?你要多少?
What color/size/kind would you like?你要什么颜/号码的/型号的?
What/How about this one?这个怎么样?
It is/They are ten dollars.它/它们十美元。
B.I want/I'd like a pair of shoes.我想要买一双鞋。
How much is it/ are they?它/它们多少钱?
May I try it/them on?我可以试穿一下吗?
It's too big/small.这个太大/小了。
Sorry, it's too expensive.对不起,太贵了。
Do you have any other colors/sizes/kinds?
你们有其他颜/号码/型号的吗?
That's fine. I'll take it/them.好吧,我买下了。
Just have a look.只是看一看。
【例1】根据句意及所给首字母,写出句中所缺单词。
1.Can I h________ you?
2.clothes和clothing"How m________ is the T-shirt?" "It's seven dollars."
3."What c________ do you like?" "Blue."
4.How m________ tomatoes would you like?
5.Do you n________ bags for school?
6."Thank you." "You're w________."
7.The socks are so cheap. I'll t________ them.
8.I like big red hats. Do you have o________ ?
9.May I h________ a look at the picture?
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