第一章 英语发音基础
第一节 英语语音音素
英语共48个音素,其中元音20个,辅音28个。英语辅音和元音在语音中的作用,就相当于汉语中的声母和韵母。记录英语音素的符号叫做音标。音标放在两条斜线(//)内,以免与字母相混淆。
1、元音
单元音: /i:/ /ɪ/ /e/ /æ/ /ɜː/ /ə/ /ɑ:/ / ʌ/ /ɔ:/ /ɔ/ /u:/ /ʊ/
双元音: /eɪ/ /aɪ/ /ɔɪ/ /əʊ/ /aʊ/ /ɪə/ /ɛə/ / ʊə/
2、辅音
清音:/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /ʃ/ /tʃ/ /tr/ /ts/ /h/
浊音:/b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /ð/ /z/ /ʒ/ /dʒ/ /dr/ /dz/ /r/ /m/ /n/ /ŋ/ /l/ /w/ /j/
第二节 英语字母在单词中的读音
1、元音字母与元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音
a | /eɪ/ | age case date lake cake |
/æ/ | at bag cat fat | |
/e/ | any many | |
/ɔ/ | want watch what | |
/ɑ:/ | afternoon class father | |
al | /ɔ:/ | all also ball call |
ay | /eɪ/ | day may play |
ar | /ɑ:/ | art card star car far |
e | /i:/ | be he me she these we |
/e/ | bed best desk get let pen red ten when yes | |
ea | /i:/ | cream eat please teacher |
/e/ | breakfast | |
/ɪə/ | really | |
/eɪ/ | great | |
ee | /i:/ | green see feet teeth week street beef |
er | /ɜː/ | her person |
ear | /ɪə/ | dear year hear |
/ɜː/ | learn | |
i | /aɪ/ | ice like nice nine white write |
/ɪ/ | big kid wish with sing trip | |
ir | /ɜː/ | birth first dirty bird sir |
igh | /aɪ/ | night right |
O | /əʊ/ | go no notebook old only photo piano sofa |
/ɔ/ | clock from lost lot mom rock | |
/u:/ | do movie who | |
/ ʌ/(在l,m,n,th,v等前) | color come month some son | |
oa | /əʊ/ | boat coat soap |
oy | /ɔɪ/ | boy toy |
oo | /ʊ/ | book good look |
/u:/ | cool food noodle room school soon too zoo | |
or | /ɔ:/ | report short sport |
/ɜː/(w后) | word | |
ou | /aʊ/ | sound around out mountain about |
/u:/ | you soup | |
/ ʌ/ | young country | |
ow | /aʊ/ | how now |
/əʊ/ | show know snow | |
ore | /ɔ:/ | more store |
our | /ɔ:/ | your four |
u | /j u:/ | computer music student Tuesday unit |
/u:/ | June ruler | |
/ ʌ/ | bus but drum fun funny lunch run cut | |
/ʊ/ | put | |
2.元音字母和元音字母组合在非重读音节中的读音。
a | e/i | o/or | ar/er | u/ur |
/ə/ | ||||
about around | hello April student | O’clock collection doctor | grammar answer brother | August Saturday |
3.辅音字母和辅音字母组合的读音。
b | /b/ | bag ball blue |
c | /k/ | call can cat |
/s/ | city rice mice | |
d | /d/ | dad date do |
f g | /f/ | family father far |
/g/ | Game get go | |
/dʒ/ | giraffe village gentle | |
h | /h/ | hat have hear |
j | /dʒ/ | job join jean |
k | /k/ | key kid make |
l | /l/ | last late learn |
m | /m/ | many math mother |
n | /n/ | name nice not |
p | /p/ | pen play piece |
r | /r/ | red ruler run |
s | /s/ | sad salad sun |
/z/ | is his these | |
t | /t/ | table take ten |
v | /v/ | video violin visit |
w | /w/ | want watch we |
x | /ks/ | six exercise excuse |
/gz/ | example | |
y | /j/ | year yes |
z | /z/ | zero zigzag |
ch | /tʃ/ | chair chess teach |
/k/ | school ache | |
ck | /k/ | black clock |
dr | /dr/ | drive draw children |
ds | /dz/ | beds cards |
gh | /f/ | laugh |
/-/ | eight | |
kn | /n/ | know knife |
ng | /ŋ/ | sing English |
ph | /f/ | phone photo |
sh | /ʃ/ | she shoe English fish |
th | /θ/ | thank thing teeth |
/ð/ | that this there | |
tr | /tr/ | tree try trip |
ts | /ts/ | bats hats |
wh | /w/ | what why when |
/h/ | who | |
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