英语国际音标
英语共有44个音素，其中元音20个，辅音24个，另外还有4个辅音连缀(/ts/,/dz/,/tr/,/dr/)。英语辅音和元音的作用相当于汉语中的声母和韵母。记录英语音素的符号叫做音标，音标放在两条斜线(/ /)内，以免和字母混淆。
1.元音
/i:/  /i/  /e/  /æ/  /ɜ:/  /ə/  /ɑ:/  /ʌ/  /ɔ:/  /ɒ/  /u:/  /ʊ/  /eɪ/  /aɪ/  /ɔɪ/  /əʊ/  /aʊ/  /ɪə/  /eə/  /ʊə/
2.辅音
清音 /p/  /t/  /k/  /f/  /θ/  /s/  /ʃ/  /tʃ/  /h/ 
浊音 /b/  /d/  /g/  /v/  /ð/  /z/  /ʒ/  /dʒ/  /r/  /m/  /n/  /ŋ/  /l/  /w/  /j/
英语字母在单词中的读音
1.元音字母与元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音
a  /eɪ/      game late name plane sale same take table David
  /æ/        bat bag black dad fat math map thank happy jacket
  /ɒ/or/ɑ:/  watch what want
  /ɑ:/or/æ/  after ask last class basketball father
al  /ɔ:/        all ball call small talk walk
ay  /eɪ/      day May play say
ar  /ɑ:(r)/      art car card party March star 
e  /i:/        he me she we these
  /e/        bed egg help ten get desk let next sell twelve
ea  /i:/        eat please speak easy teacher
/e/        head bread breakfast healthy sweater
ee  /i:/        beef green meat need see free three week fifteen
er  /ɜ:(r)/      her hers term
ear /ɪə(r)/or/ɪr/ dear near hear clear
  /eə(r)/or/er/ bear pear wear
i  /aɪ/        like nice nine price time white tidy
  /ɪ/          big quilt thing think trip with middle
ir /ɜ:(r)/      first girl shirt skirt third birthday thirty
o /əʊ/        no go so old those clothes photo phone sofa
  /ɒ/or/ɑ:/,/ɔ:/ box clock dog long lost sock dollar model
  /ʌ/          come love month son brother mother Monday
oo /ʊ/        book good look foot
  /u:/        cool food room school too
or /ɔ:(r)/      short sport morning
ou /aʊ/        found sound about trousers
ow /aʊ/        brown how now
oy /ɔɪ/        boy toy
u  /ju:/        music excuse student Tuesday useful computer
  /ʌ/        but cup fun lunch much must number subject uncle
  /u:/        blue June ruler
ur /ɜ:(r)/      turn burger purple Thursday
2.元音字母和元音字母组合在非重读音节中的读音
a            about China salad sofa banana vegetable
e/i              hello science April
clothes的音标
o/or  /ə/(/ə(r)/)  carrot second favorite tomato color doctor
ar/er            dollar brother dinner under number
u/ur            August difficult Saturday
e  /ɪ/          eraser eleven relaxing
i              English evening morning music

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